A Franklin Families Y-Chromosome Project
Using Benjamin Franklin's Y-Chromosome to Settle Some Family Traditions about Relationships to Benjamin
L. David Roper (roperld@vt.edu)
(www.roperld.com)

Meeting of Virginia Franklins on Saturday 14 November 2009

Go directly to information about the Franklin male-line genetics project.
Click here to join the Franklin Y-chromosome project.
(Only males with surname Franklin)
There are 3 choices for Y-chromosome tests:
  1. 12 markers for $101 (including $2 handling; $4 outside USA).
  2. 37 markers for $121 (including $2 for handling; $4 outside USA).
    37 are usually enough to separate different branches of a Franklin family.
  3. 67 markers for $250 (including $2 for handling; $4 outside USA).
    The higher markers help to distinguish different branches of a family.

FTDNA test kit

I recommend either 37 or 67 markers.
12 markers often are not enough to distinguish a Franklin family from another surnames.
Also, send data showing your Franklin ancestry to roperld@vt.edu
Click here to contribute to paying for more Franklin tests.
This web pages changes regularly. If you have not viewed it for a while, be sure to reload it to override its old version in your computer's cache.
This Franklin Y-chromosome project was among the first surnames to establish projects with Family Tree DNA.
Benjamin Franklin's DNA
Information about the Y-chromosome

Contents

Introduction

Many Franklin families, including my mother's, have a tradition that they are related to Benjamin Franklin (b 1706 d 1790), the statesman. In my role as a genealogist of Franklin families I get e-mails regularly with such assertions.

If the Y-chromosome of Benjamin's could be extracted from, say, a tooth of his, these assertions could be tested. (A hair does not work for male lines unless it contains its follicle or some attached skin cells; it does work for female lines using the mitochondria DNA. See: http://www.promega.com/profiles/502/ProfilesInDNA_502_11.pdf) Perhaps more feasible would be extraction of the Y-chromosome from the DNA of a few known male-line relatives of Benjamin's.

I propose to do such an extraction and publish the pattern (called haplotype) so that some of the Franklin familie's traditions can be tested. This would be the ultimate artifact of Benjamin Franklin. (More information about Benjamin Franklin's DNA: Benjamin Franklin's DNA.)

If no tooth or known male-line relative of Benjamin's becomes available for testing, it still may be possible to use Y-chromosome tests to make more plausible suspected relationships of Franklin families to Ben. If many Franklin males (not those whose known ancestor changed his name to Franklin and not those whose female Franklin ancestor gave her children Franklin as a surname) have their Y-chromosome tests done and all or a large fraction have the same Y-chromosome, and many of these families have legends that they are related to Ben, then it would be plausible that, indeed, they are related to Ben. The following are Franklin families that I know of that have a tradition that they are related to Benjamin Franklin, statesman (Click on the name to see some details about the family.):

If the reader belongs to or knows someone who belongs to one of these families, please contact me.

Congress established the Benjamin Franklin Tercentenary Commission, one of whose duties is to do: "The acquisition and preservation of artifacts associated with Benjamin Franklin." Information about Benjamin Franklin's DNA would be the ultimate artifact associated with him.

Elementary genetics teaches that a human egg becomes a female embryo when a sperm gives it an X-chromosome and a male embryo when the sperm gives it a Y-chromosome. Thus, the Y-chromosome is passed down suceeding generations only through the male line. The only change from one generation to the next is by random infrequent mutations. Over long periods mutations do occur, so one can determine male paternal lineage by comparing the DNA coding of Y-chromosomes.

There are "junk" regions (that have no effects on inherited traits) on the Y-chromosome that contain repeated base-pair sets (called microsatellites or Short Tandem Repeats or STR). Over time the number of repeats changes due to random mutations. Since these mutations have no effect on inherited traits, they are propagated into suceeding generations. The number of repeats, called alleles or markers, at these locations can be used to distinguish different male-line families. Thus, the detailed structure in terms of base-pair coding is not required; only information about certain aspects of a small part of the Y-chromosome is needed. This does not identify the individual, but only the family to which the individual belongs; determining the 12 or 25 markers (see below) is much less information than that obtained by totally sequencing the Y-chromosome. There are several genetics laboratories that do such work, at a cost of about $100 per person for 12 markers or about $170 per person for 25 markers.

This was recently done (http://www.people.virginia.edu/~rjh9u/jeffhemm.html) for descendants of a slave woman, Sally Hemings, with the result that one of her sons had a Jefferson Y-chromosome, either from Thomas Jefferson or one of his near male relatives.

Several families have used the Y-chromosome to determine the closeness of relationships in the male lines, and many more projects are underway. See http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~allpoms/genetics1a.html for a list of such families. See details about my Roper family project at: http://www.roperld.com/ropergenetics.htm.

After Ben's Y-chromosome pattern is determined, any male-line Franklin could have his Y-chromosome pattern determined and compare it to Ben's to see if he is related to Ben.

Perhaps a more important result of testing many male-line Franklins would be that sets of Y-chromosome markers would be determined for different Franklin families and rare random mutations for branches of those families would provide identity markers for the branches of those Franklin families. To see how this has worked out for my Roper family, see http://www.roperld.com/roperconnect.htm.

If you are a male-line Franklin and would be interested in participating in this project, please send me e-mail: roperld@vt.edu.

Return to top of page.

The Franklin Male-Line Y-Chromosome Project

Go to the current results.

I have initiated a Y-chromosome DNA testing project for male Franklin lines. Each male Franklin participant commits himself to provide a mouth-swab sample to be analyzed by a competent DNA laboratory, with the understanding that it may be found that he is not actually in a male Franklin line. (Several with the surname Franklin come from a surname break.) The participant must also provide me with his Franklin family tree as far back into the past as possible, in order to correlate the test results with genealogical data..

We will need to have a sizeable group from several currently unconnected Franklin lines to make this project feasible.

I have arranged for a company http://www.familytreedna.com/ to do the Y-chromosome tests for the Franklin family. If you wish to participate in the Franklin genetics project, send me e-mail: roperld@vt.edu or go to http://www.familytreedna.com/surname_det.asp?count=14&group=Franklin, and you will be sent one of the test kits with detailed instructions. The 12-marker test, which is sufficient for some families to identify major families, costs $99 + $2 ($4 outside USA) handling each. However, experience has shown that the 12-marker test is often not sufficient to distinguish some Franklin families, so I highly recommend that Franklins order the 25-marker or the 37-marker test. One can get a 25-marker test for $169 + $2 ($4 outside USA) handling, which almost doubles that number of generations to a common ancestor for a given probability and enables branches of major families to be identified. The cost for 37 markers is $229 + handling. I will pay for the first two tests for Franklin males that are well documented to be related to Benjamin Franklin (b 1706 d 1790), statesman. For a study about the efficacy of only doing 12 marker tests, see http://newsarch.rootsweb.com/th/read/GENEALOGY-DNA/2002-08/1030558442.

Click here to join the Franklin Y-chromosome project.
(Only males with surname Franklin)

The result of a test will be 12 or 25 numbers that give the number of repeat units for 12 or 25 different parts of the Y-chromosome. All Franklin male lines from a common ancestor will have almost exactly the same test result back several hundred years. Slight differences in the test results will indicate how far back the common ancestor is beyond several hundred years and, thus, will identify branches of a family. See: http://www.familytreedna.com/techfaq.html

What Could be Achieved by the Project

There are many Franklin male lines in the United States and England that cannot be connected by data from documents. This project should allow some judgments to be made about how closely related these several Franklin male lines are.

Many of the testees are in the R1b1 haplogroup, the largest European haplogroup.

Project Progress

The results ("alleles") so far are (DYS=DNA Y-chromosome Short Tamden Repeat):

Franklin Genetics Project (ID=place number in my Franklin file) Y-chromosome markers (prefix DYS)
(Markers in red differ from the majority of the marker sets.)
Participant (ID) Code Probable Franklin Line (b ID) Sure Franklin Line (b ID) 393 390 19(394) 391 385a 385b 426 388 439 389-1 392 389-2
458 459a 459b 455 454 447 437 448 449 464a 464b 464c 464d 464e
460 GATAH4 YCAIIa YCAIIB 456 607 576 570 CDYa CDYb 442 438
(Family) Haplogroup
Wesley Willard Franklin WWF(60)USA F1(1300) Lawrence Franklin (b 1680 VA 7487) Henry Franklin, Jr. (b c1749 VA 7442) 13 24 14 10 12 15 12 12 14 13 13 29
17 9 10 11 11 25 14 19 32 15 15 16 16
11 11 19 23 15 15 18 18 35 36 12 12
11 9 15 16 8 10 10 8 11 10 12 23 23 16 10 12 12 16 8 12 23 20 12 12 11 13 11 11 12 12
(FY1) R1b1b2
Eugene Leroy Franklin ELF(56)USA F2(1301) Lawrence Franklin (b 1680 VA 7487) Henry Franklin, Jr. (b c1749VA 7442) 13 24 14 10 12 15 12 12 13 13 13 29
17 9 10 11 11 25 14 19 32 15 15 16 16
11 11 19 23 15 15 18 18 35 36 12 12
Stephen Anthony Franklin SAF(364147)USA F9(2350) Lawrence Franklin (b 1680 VA 7487) Henry M. Franklin (b c1716 VA 7469) 13 24 14 10 12 15 12 12 13 13 13 29
17 9 10 11 11 25 14 19 32 15 15 16 16
11 11 19 23 15 16 18 18 35 36 12 12
William Wyatt Franklin WWF2(9696)USA F57(59540) Lawrence Franklin (b 1680 VA 7487) Henry Franklin, Jr. (b c1749 VA 7442) 12 24 14 10 12 15 12 12 13 13 13 29
William Henry Franklin WHF2(545526)USA F73(41565) Lawrence Franklin (b 1680 VA 7487) Henry M. Franklin (c1716 VA 7469) 13 24 ? 10 12 15 12 12 ? 13 ? 29
17 9 10 11 11 25 14 19 32 15 15 16 16

11 11 19 23 15 15 19 18 35 36 12 12
Rodney Allen Franklin RAF(415967)USA F78(94517) Lawrence Franklin (b 1680 7487) Henry M. Franklin (c1716 VA 7469) 13 24 14 10 12 15 12 12 13 13 13 29
Charles Stephen Long CSL(545552)USA L1(18877) John Long (b 1764 VA) John Long (b 1764 VA) 13 24 14 10 12 15 12 12 13 13 13 29
17 9 10 11 11 25 14 19 32 15 15 16 16
11 11 19 23 15 15 18 18 35 36 12 12
11 9 15 16 8 10 10 8 11 10 12 23 23 16 10 12 12 16 8 12 23 20 12 12 11 13 11 11 12 12
James Edward Long JEL()USA L4(81133) Thomas Long (b 1792 VA) Thomas Long (b 1792 VA) 13 24 14 10 12 15 12 12 13 13 13 29
17 9 10 11 11 25 14 19 32 15 15 16 16
11 11 19 23 15 15 18 18 35 36 12 12
11 9 15 16 8 10 10 8 11 10 12 23 23 16 10 12 12 16 8 12 23 20 12 12 11 13 11 11 12 12
John Jay Long JJL(545666)USA L2(15769) John Long (b 1764 VA) John Long (b 1764 VA) 13 24 14 10 12 15 12 12 13 13 13 29
17 9 10 11 11 25 14 19 32 15 15 16 16
Carlos Arthur Long CAL()USA L3(80125) ? ? 13 24 14 10 12 15 12 12 13 13 13 29
17 9 10 11 11 25 14 19 33 15 15 16 16
11 11 19 23 15 15 17 18 35 36 12 12
Paul Anthony Eldridge
PAE ()USA		 E1(87912) ? ? 13 24 14 10 12 15 12 12 13 13 13 29
17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 32 15 15 16 16
11 11 19 23 15 15 18 18 35 36 12 12
Byron Eugene Franklin BEF(373534)USA F3(1302) William Franklin (b c1750 298700) Santarelli S. G. Franklin (b 1829 MS 34586) 13 24 15 11 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 29
17 9 10 12 11 25 15 19 29 15 15 17 17
11 11 19 23 17 15 18 17 38 38 12 12
R1b1
Isaac Bradley Franklin IBF(80508)USA F4(1303) Robert Lewis Franklin (b c1715VA 75485) Robert Lewis Franklin (b c1715 VA 75485) 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 13 14 13 30
17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 115 15 17 17
11 10 19 23 16 15 19 17 35 38 12 12
(FY2) R1b1b2
Cornelius Mark FranklinCMF(231891)(USA) F5(1304) Benjamin Franklin (bc1767 231903) Benjamin Franklin (bc1767 231903) 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 14 13 30
17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 15 15 17 17
11 10 19 23 16 15 19 17 35 38 12 12
11 10 15 16 8 10 10 8 11 10 12 21 23 16 10 12 12 16 8 12 22 20 14 12 11 13 11 11 12 12
James Eldon Franklin JEF(427553)USA F10(2351) John Franklin (b c1787 NC 34203) John Franklin (b c1787 NC 34203) 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 14 13 30
17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 15 15 17 17
11 10 19 23 16 15 19 16 35 38 12 12
11 10 15 16 8 10 10 8 11 10 12 23 23 16 10 12 12 16 8 12 22 20 14 12 11 13 11 11 12 12
Baldwin Franklin (433623)USA F15(5741) Owen Franklin (b c1760 SC 13451) Owen Franklin (b c1760 SC 13451) 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 14 13 30
17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 15 15 17 17
11 10 19 23 16 16 19 17 35 38 12 12
George Wilson Franklin GWF(79675)USA F22(8496) Robert Lewis Franklin (b c1715 VA 75485) Robert Lewis Franklin (b c1715 VA 75485) 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 14 13 30
17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 15 15 17 17
11 10 19 23 16 15 19 17 35 38 12 12
11 10 15 16 8 10 10 8 11 10 12 23 23 16 10 12 12 16 8 12 22 20 14 12 11 13 11 11 12 12
Thomas Craig Franklin TCF(442584)USA F19(6602) Lewis Franklin (1786VA) Lewis Franklin (1786 VA) 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 14 13 30
17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 15 15 17 17
11 10 19 23 16 15 19 17 35 38 12 12
Larry Richard Franklin LRF(476301)USA F28(13335) Abraham Franklin (b 1753 PA 26114) Abraham Franklin (b 1753 PA 26114) 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 14 13 30
17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 30 15 15 17 17
11 10 19 22 16 15 19 17 35 38 12 12
Brian Lee Franklin BLF(492261)(USA) F34(16163) Lawrence Franklin (b 1680VA 7487) Henry Franklin (b c1716 7469) 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 14 13 30
17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 15 15 17 17
James Howard Franklin JHF(34217)USA F37(20915) John Franklin (b c1787 NC 34203) John Franklin (b c1787 NC 34203) 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 14 13 30
17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 30 15 15 17 17
11 10 19 23 16 15 19 17 35 38 12 12
Hubert Dale Franklin HDF(379921)USA F39(23378) Malachi Franklin (b c1808 TN 365276) Henry Harrison Franklin (b 1850 AL 379924) 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 14 13 30
17 9 10 11 11 25 15 20 30 15 15 16 17
Roy Melvin Franklin RMF(136234)USA F41(26425) John Franklin (b c1787NC 34203) John Franklin (b c1787 NC 34203) 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 14 13 30
Johnny M. Franklin JMF(446505)USA F43(31309) Owen Franklin (b c1720 ?? 24539) Owen Franklin (b c1760 SC 13451) 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 29
17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 15 15 15 17
11 10 19 23 16 15 19 17 36 38 12 12
Danny Roule Franklin DRF(34418)USA F48(42887) Henry Bentley Franklin (1735 VA 34402)
 Thomas Baker Franklin (b 1760 SC 26128) 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 14 13 30
17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 15 15 17 17
11 10 19 23 16 15 19 17 35 38 12 12
11 10 15 16 8 10 10 8 11 10 12 21 23 16 10 12 12 15 8 12 22 20 14 12 11 13 11 11 12 12
Johnie Homer Franklin JHF2()USA F51(50036) John Franklin (b 1790 VA 26963) John Franklin (b 1790 VA 26963) 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 14 13 30
17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 31 15 15 17 17
11 11 19 23 16 15 19 17 35 38 12 12
Ovis Bruce Franklin OBF(372264)USA F54(49976) Martin Mark Franklin (b 1800 TN 271661) Martin Mark Franklin (b 1800 TN 271661) 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 14 13 30
18 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 30 15 15 17 17
11 10 19 23 16 15 19 17 36 38 12 12
11 10 15 16 8 10 10 8 11 10 12 23 23 16 10 12 12 16 8 12 22 20 14 12 11 13 11 11 12 12
Robert Nixon Franklin RNF(527261)USA F55(51598) Henry Bentley Franklin (1735 VA 34402) Thomas Baker Franklin (b 1760 SC 26128) 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 14 13 30
17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 15 15 17 17
11 10 19 23 16 15 19 17 35 37 12 12
Ira Charles Franklin ICF(28463)USA F52(54798) Thomas Franklin (b c1760 Eng 546301) Thomas Franklin (b c1760 Eng 546301) 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 14 13 30
17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 15 15 17 17
11 10 19 23 16 15 19 17 35 38 12 12
11 10 15 16 8 10 10 8 11 10 12 23 23 16 10 12 12 16 8 12 22 20 14 12 11 13 11 11 12 12
Edward Chesley Franklin ECF(427587)USA F56(60254) John Franklin (b c1787 NC 34203) John Franklin (b c1787 NC 34203) 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 14 13 30
17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 30 15 15 17 17
11 10 19 23 16 15 19 17 35 38 12 12
11 10 15 16 8 10 10 8 11 10 12 23 23 16 10 12 12 16 8 12 22 20 14 12 11 13 11 11 12 12
Carroll Rhey Franklin CRF(43065)USA F64(69419) Henry W. Franklin (b 1788 VA 9290) Henry W. Franklin (b 1788 VA 9290) 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 14 13 30
17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 15 15 17 17
11 10 19 23 16 15 19 17 34 38 12 12
Johnny E Franklin JEF2 (545254)USA F70(77315) Henry Bentley Franklin (1735 VA 34402) Thomas Baker Franklin (b 1760 SC 26128) 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 14 13 30
17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 15 15 17 17
11 10 19 23 16 15 19 17 35 38 12 12
11 10 15 16 8 10 10 8 11 10 12 23 23 16 10 12 12 16 8 12 22 20 14 12 11 13 11 11 12 12
Wesley Dale Franklin WDF(545649)USA F75(81528) John Franklin (b c1890 GA 447801) Willie Wesley Franklin (b 1914 OK 447806) 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 14 13 30
17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 30 15 15 17 17
11 10 19 23 16 15 19 17 35 38 12 12
11 10 15 16 8 10 10 8 11 10 12 23 23 16 10 12 12 16 8 12 22 20 14 12 11 13 11 11 12 12
Dick Bell Franklin DBF(546309)USA F77(85548) Thomas Franklin (b c1770 AL 546301) Josiah Franklin (b 1800 AL 153548) 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 14 13 30
16 9 10 11 11 26 15 19 29 15 15 17 17
11 10 19 23 16 15 19 17 35 38 12 12
11 10 15 16 8 10 10 8 11 10 12 23 23 16 10 12 12 16 8 12 22 20 14 12 11 13 11 11 12 12
Michael Ellis Franklin MEF()USA F103(167437) Malachi Franklin (b c1808 TN 365276) Henry Harrison Franklin (b 1850 AL 379924) 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 14 13 30
17 9 10 11 11 25 15 20 30 15 15 17 17
11 10 19 23 16 15 19 17 35 38 12 12
Joseph C. Franklin JCF2()USA F104(174870)67 Lewis Edmond Franklin (b 1802 GA 64919) James Olen Franklin (b 1842 AL 64674) 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 14 13 30
17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 15 15 17 17
l2 10 19 23 16 15 19 17 35 38 12 12
11 10 15 16 8 10 10 8 11 10 12 23 23 16 10 12 12 16 8 12 22 20 14 12 11 13 11 11 12 12
Baker Arthur Hall BAH()USA Ha1(51260) ? ? 13 24 14 12 11 14 12 12 12 14 13 30
17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 15 15 17 17
11 10 19 23 16 15 19 17 35 38 12 12
11 10 15 16 8 10 10 8 11 10 12 23 23 16 10 12 12 16 8 12 22 20 14 12 11 13 11 11 12 12
Dennis Michael Franklin DMF()USA F105(175134) Malachi Franklin (b c1808 TN 365276) Henry Harrison Franklin (b 1850 AL 379924) 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 14 13 30
17 9 10 11 11 25 15 20 30 15 15 17 17
11 10 19 23 16 15 19 17 35 38 12 12
Douglas Brooks Franklin DBF2(577507)USA F109(190696) James Franklin (1797 VA 577364) Samuel D. Franklin (b c1839 OH 31502) 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 29
Todd Andrew Franklin TAF2 (581957)USA F111(200107) Gillis Minor Franklin (c1740 SC 52898) Charles Alexander Franklin (b 1761 SC 16990) 13 24 14 12 11 14 12 12 12 14 13 30
17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 15 15 17 17
11 10 19 23 16 15 19 17 35 38 12 12
11 9 15 16 8 10 10 8 11 10 12 23 23 16 10 12 12 16 8 12 22 20 14 12 11 13 11 11 12 12
Jeffery A. Franklin JAF3 ()USA F113(211188) ? Merrell T. Franklin 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 13 14 13 30
17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 30 15 15 17 17
11 10 19 23 16 15 19 17 35 38 12 12
Thomas Benjamin Bartlett TBB ()USA B1(10882) ? ? 13 24 14 12 11 14 12 12 12 14 13 30
17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 15 15 17 17
11 11 19 23 16 15 18 16 37 38 12 12
11 9 15 16 8 10 10 8 10 10 12 23 23 17 10 12 12 15 6 12 22 20 13 12 11 13 11 11 12 11
R1b1b2
Jerry O. Carter JOC(563789)USA C1(N59000) Joseph Everett Franklin (b 1892 TN 563788) Joseph Everett Franklin (b 1892 TN 563788) 13 24 14 10 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 29
16 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 15 15 17 18
11 11 19 23 15 15 19 18 38 38 12 12
R1b1b2a1a
Arthur Richard Franklin ARF(208047)USA F13(5361) Job Franklin (b 1789 VA 73593) Job Franklin (b 1789 VA 73593) 13 24 15 11 11 14 12 12 11 13 13 29
17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 31 14 16 17 17
11 10 19 23 15 16 17 16 35 37 12 12
(FY6) R1b1b2
Barry Anthony Franklin BAF(472533)USA F25(10834) Bentley Franklin (b c1720 NC 503085) Bentley Franklin (b c1797 SC 183872) 13 24 15 11 10 14 12 12 11 13 13 29
17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 31 14 16 17 17
11 10 19 23 15 16 17 16 36 37 12 12
George Clayton Franklin GCF(74846)USA F27(12171) William Franklin (b c1718 NC 34883) Easom Davenport Franklin (b1780 GA 74831) 13 24 15 11 11 14 12 12 11 13 13 29
17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 31 14 16 17 17
Jay Michael Franklin JMF()USA F91(144502) Clark Franklin (b c1784 ? 428043) Uriah Nathaniel Franklin (b 1807 KY 231184) 13 24 15 11 11 14 12 12 11 13 13 29
17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 31 14 16 17 17
11 10 19 23 15 16 17 16 35 37 12 12
Benjamin Lowman Franklin BLF2(433844)USA F101(159565) Henry Franklin (1771 GA 33797) William Barnett Franklin (1797 SC 33799) 13 24 15 11 11 14 12 12 11 13 13 29
17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 31 14 14 16 17
11 10 19 23 15 16 17 16 35 37 12 12
James Albert Franklin JAF2()USA F106(181264) ? ? 13 24 15 11 11 14 12 12 11 13 13 29
17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 31 14 17 17 17
11 10 19 23 15 16 17 16 35 37 12 12
11 9 15 16 8 10 10 8 11 10 12 23 23 16 10 12 12 16 8 12 22 20 13 12 11 13 11 11 12 12
Eric L. Franklin ELF2()USA F65(N26000) Andrew Franklin (b 1815VA 552722) Andrew Franklin (b 1815VA 552722) 13 24 15 11 11 14 12 12 11 13 13 29
16 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 15 15 17 18
11 11 19 23 17 15 19 19 36 38 12 12
11 9 15 16 8 10 10 8 10 10 12 22 23 16 10 12 12 14 8 13 22 20 13 12 11 13 10 11 12 12
R1b1b2
Donald Leroy Franklin DLF(567380)USA F90(Ancestry) Matthew Franklin (b c1780 ? 25502) Thomas Franklin (b 1804 VA 281094) 13 24 15 11 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 29
16 9 10 11 11 25 14 19 29 14 15 16 17
R1b1b2
Philip Earle Franklin PEF(427922)USA F8(2349) William Franklin (b c1450 436978) Thomas Franklin (b 1680 437001) 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 29
16 9 10 11 11 26 14 19 28 15 15 15 17
11 11 19 23 16 15 18 18 33 37 12 12
11 10 16 16 8 10 10 8 11 10 12 23 23 16 10 12 12 15 8 12 22 20 14 12 11 14 11 11 12 12
R1b1b2
Jeffrey Carl Franklin JCF(363613)USA F24(10402) Elisha Franklin (b 1741 ?? 34495) James Franklin (b 1774 VA 34187) 13 24 14 10 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 30
16 9 10 11 11 25 16 19 30 15 15 16 16
10 11 18 23 16 15 18 18 38 39 12 12
(FY4) R1b1b2
Carley James Franklin CJF(363440)USA F29(14003) Elisha Franklin (b 1741 ?? 34495) James Franklin (b 1774VA 34187) 13 24 14 10 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 30
16 9 10 11 11 25 16 19 30 15 15 16 16
Vernon John Franklin VJF()USA F46(40876) ? ? 13 25 14 11 11 14 12 12 13 13 13 29
R1b1b2
Landis Franklin LF(310619)USA F21(7878) Peter L Franklin (b 1798 VA 131694) Peter L Franklin (b 1798VA 131694) 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 29
17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 31 15 16 16 17
R1b1b2
William George Franklin WGF(442384)USA F17(6551) Jonathan Franklin (b c1640 MA 336770) Roswell Franklin (b 1739 CT 12303) 13 25 14 11 11 11 12 12 12 13 13 29
17 9 10 11 11 24 15 19 31 15 15 16 17
11 11 19 22 16 15 18 17 35 36 12 12
(FY3) R1b1b2
John Benjamin Franklin JBF(440042)USA F16(6373) Jonathan Franklin (b c1640 MA 336770) Amos Franklin (b 1771CT 10425) 13 25 14 11 11 11 12 12 12 13 13 29
17 9 10 11 11 24 15 19 32 15 15 16 17
11 11 19 22 16 15 20 17 35 36 12 12
Thomas David Franklin TDF(469976)USA F26(11756) John P Franklin (b c1860 ?? 470424) Thomas Dudley Franklin (b 1887 MA 469979) 13 25 14 11 11 11 12 12 13 13 13 29
16 9 10 11 11 24 15 19 30 15 15 16 17
11 11 19 22 16 15 18 17 35 36 12 12
Dorsey Wayne Franklin DWF2(14541)USA F59(N29864) Jonathan Franklin (b c1640 MA 336770) John Franklin (b 1727 MA 10850) 13 25 14 11 11 11 12 12 12 13 13 29
18 9 10 11 11 24 15 19 32 15 15 16 17
11 11 19 22 16 15 17 17 35 36 12 12
Charles Clay Oliver, Jr. CCO USA Oliver(13332) Richard Oliver ( b VA) John Oliver (b 1771 NC) 13 25 14 11 11 11 12 12 12 13 13 29
17 9 10 11 11 24 15 19 30 15 15 16 17
11 11 19 22 15 15 17 17 35 38 12 12
11 9 15 16 8 10 10 8 10 10 12 23 23 17 10 12 12 15 8 12 22 21 13 12 11 13 11 11 13 11
John Kenneth Franklin JKF (489766)USA F94(146083) William Franklin (b c1624Eng 103384) Edwin A. Franklin (b 1869 MA 395452) 13 25 14 11 11 11 12 12 13 13 13 29
16 9 10 11 11 24 15 19 30 15 15 16 17
Charles Allen Franklin CAF()USA F92(145604) William Franklin (b c1624Eng 103384) Luther L. Franklin (b 1844 NY 293393) 13 25 14 11 11 11 12 12 13 13 13 29
16 9 10 11 11 24 15 19 30 15 15 16 17
11 11 19 22 16 15 18 17 35 37 12 12
11 9 15 16 8 10 10 8 10 10 12 23 23 17 10 12 12 15 8 12 22 21 13 12 11 13 11 11 13 11
Ray Franklin RF()USA F96(145720) ? ? 13 25 14 11 11 11 12 12 13 13 13 29
16 9 10 11 11 24 15 19 31 15 15 16 17
11 11 19 22 16 15 18 17 35 37 12 12
Richard H. Franklin RHF()USA F93(146027) ? ? 13 25 14 11 11 11 12 12 13 13 13 29
16 9 10 11 11 24 15 19 31 15 15 16 17
11 11 19 22 16 15 18 17 35 37 12 12
Louis Dudley Franklin LDF(570153)USA F97(147258) ? ? 13 25 14 11 11 11 12 12 13 13 13 29
16 9 10 11 11 24 15 19 31 15 15 16 17
11 11 19 22 16 15 18 17 35 36 12 12
Mark David Edmund Franklin MDF(571330)USA F102(162196) Thomas Franklin (b c1790 MA 571344) Archibald Hammond Franklin (b 1834Can 571335) 13 25 14 11 11 11 12 12 13 13 13 29
16 9 10 11 11 24 15 19 31 15 15 16 17
11 11 19 22 16 15 18 17 35 36 12 12
11 9 15 16 8 10 10 8 10 10 12 23 23 17 10 12 12 15 8 12 22 21 13 12 11 13 11 11 13 11
Douglas Wayne Franklin DWF(428208)(USA) F11(2352) Henry Franklin, Jr. (b c1749 VA 7442) Benjamin H Franklin (b c1847 VA 215973) 13 23 13 10 16 17 11 12 12 13 11 30
15 9 10 11 11 26 14 20 34 15 15 16 16 17
E3b
William Edward Franklin WEF()USA F62(N31412) ? ? 13 22 14 10 16 17 11 12 12 13 11 30
E3a
Virgil Lee Franklin VLF (544435)USA F66(72698) Pernell Franklin (b 1809 83428) Pernell Franklin (b 1809 83428) 13 21 17 10 16 18 11 12 12 13 11 30
15 8 10 11 11 27 13 21 31 13 16 16 18
E1b1b1
Charles Keith Franklin CKF(401793)USA F6(1305) Purnell Franklin (b1809 NC 83428) Purnell Franklin (b1809NC 83428) 15 23 15 10 15 15 11 13 11 14 12 33
15 8 10 11 11 26 14 20 27 11 14 14 15
(FY5) I 2b1
Paul Douglas Franklin PDF(447890)USA F31(15323) Stephen Riley Franklin (1822 MD 425906) Stephen Riley Franklin (1822 MD 425906) 15 23 16 10 15 15 11 13 11 14 12 33
16 8 10 11 11 26 14 20 27 11 14 14 15
William Henry Franklin III WHF(52374)USA F47(43654) Nathaniel T. Franklin (b 1775 MD 84415) Nathaniel T. Franklin (b 1775 MD 84415) 15 24 15 10 15 15 11 13 11 14 12 33
16 8 10 11 11 26 14 20 27 11 14 14 15
11 10 19 21 15 16 17 19 35 38 12 10
Jason Britt Franklin JBF3 (278890)USA F76(83873) Pernell Franklin (b 1809 83428) Pernell Franklin (b 1809 83428) 15 23 15 10 15 15 11 13 11 14 12 33
16 8 10 11 11 26 14 20 27 11 14 14 15
11 10 19 21 15 16 17 19 35 38 12 10
Joseph William Franklin JWF3()USA F98(143665) ? ? 15 23 15 10 15 15 11 13 11 14 12 33
16 8 10 11 11 26 14 20 27 11 14 14 15
11 10 19 21 15 16 17 19 35 38 13 10
Beryl Bernard Franklin, Jr BBF(442475)USA F18(6598) Abraham Franklin (c1890) Abraham Franklin (c1890) 12 22 14 10 14 15 11 15 12 14 11 32
J2
James Craig Franklin JCF2(492354)USA F33(15715) Paul Franklin (b 1898 NY 492352) Paul Franklin (b 1898 NY 492352) 12 24 14 10 16 18 11 16 10 13 13 29
J1
Theodore Richard Franklin TRF ()USA F69(75021) ? ? 12 24 14 10 16 18 11 16 10 13 13 29
16 8 9 11 12 28 16 19 29 13 15 15 18
11 10 19 20 13 14 16 17 37 38 11 9
11 8 15 17 8 11 10 8 11 9 12 21 22 15 11 12 12 17 8 13 23 21 12 12 11 15 10 12 12 11
J2
John Paul Franklin, Jr. JPFj(552913)USA F82(69918) William Franklin (b 1460 Eng 436978) Francis W. Franklin (b 1800 199189) 12 23 14 10 13 16 11 15 12 13 11 30
18 9 9 11 12 26 15 20 30 12 14 14 15
(FY9) J2
Keith Allen Franklin KAF(369640)USA F86(128808) William Franklin (b 1460 Eng 436978) Francis W. Franklin (b 1800 199189) 12 23 14 10 13 16 11 15 12 13 11 30
18 9 9 11 12 26 15 20 30 12 14 14 15
9 10 19 22 16 14 18 16 33 37 11 9
Glenn Turner Franklin, Jr GTF(566552)USA F100(159243) William Franklin (b 1460 Eng 436978) Lawson Franklin (b 1789 VA 199256) 12 23 14 10 13 16 11 15 12 13 11 30
John Benjamin Franklin JBF2(494539)USA F35(17132) Eli Hezekiah Franklin (b 1871 ?? 494536) Eli Hezekiah Franklin (b 1871 ?? 494536) 12 23 14 10 13 17 11 16 11 13 11 31
18 9 9 11 11 25 14 20 25 14 14 17 17
J1
David William Franklin DWmF(432111)USA F14(5653) Jeremiah Franklin (b c1735 54335) Josiah Franklin (b c1805 26792) 13 22 14 10 13 15 11 14 11 12 11 28
14 8 9 8 11 23 16 20 28 12 14 15 16
(FY8) I1
Walter Fred Franklin, Jr. WFFj(147101)USA F83(115193) Chesterfield Franklin (b c1790 NC 33413) Chesterfield Franklin (b c1790 NC 33413) 13 22 14 10 13 15 11 14 11 12 11 28
14 8 9 8 11 23 16 20 28 12 14 15 16
11 10 19 21 14 14 16 19 36 37 12 10

11 8 15 15 8 12 10 8 9 9 12 23 25 15 10 12 12 18 8 13 25 20 14 13 11 12 11 11 12 11
Stephen John Franklin SJF (75308)USA F71(79479) Martin Franklin (c1830 Ire 353771) Martin Franklin (c1830 Ire 353771) 13 22 15 10 13 14 11 14 11 12 11 28
15 8 9 8 11 22 16 20 28 12 15 15 16
10 11 19 22 15 14 17 20 35 37 12 10
11 8 15 15 8 11 10 8 9 9 12 22 25 15 10 12 12 17 8 13 24 20 12 13 11 12 11 11 12 11
I1
James Douglass Franklin JDF(397987)USA F32(15626) Henry M. Franklin (b c1716 VA 7469) Henry M. Franklin (b c1716 VA 7469) 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 13 14 30
18 10 10 11 11 25 15 19 30 15 15 17 17
R1b1
John William Franklin JWF2(412063)USA F36(20139) Joseph Franklin (b c1830 VA 412060) John W. Franklin (1856 NC 293166) 13 24 14 10 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 28
17 7 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 15 16 17 18
11 10 19 22 16 15 19 17 36 37 12 12
R1b1
Carl Edward Franklin CEF2(523976)USA F49(45759) Samuel Franklin (1848 PA 523938) Samuel Franklin (1848 PA 523938) 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 13 13 13 30
17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 28 15 15 16 17
11 11 19 23 16 15 18 16 35 39 13 12
R1b1
Artie Samuel Asa Franklin ASAF(707609)USA F50(41563) Samuel Franklin (1855 VA? 216297) Samuel Franklin (1855 VA? 216297) 13 24 14 11 11 15 12 12 11 13 13 29
18 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 30 15 15 17 17
10 11 19 23 16 15 18 17 37 38 12 12
(FY7) R1b1b2
John Howard Franklin JHF3(80836)USA F53(55272) Samuel Franklin (b c1800 Eng 80855) William Franklin (b 1816 Eng 72732) 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 11 13 13 29
17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 30 15 15 17 17
10 11 19 23 16 15 18 17 37 38 12 12
11 10 15 16 8 10 10 8 10 10 12 22 23 16 10 12 10 16 8 12 22 20 13 12 11 13 11 11 12 12
Thomas Austin Franklin TAF(528581)USA F58(62943) Mark Martin Franklin (b 1800 TN 271661) Mark Martin Franklin (b 1800 TN 271661) 13 23 13 10 13 16 11 12 13 15 14 31
16 9 9 11 12 25 15 19 32 11 14 14 16
10 10 23 24 14 13 17 18 32 38 15 9
11 8 17 17 8 11 10 8 12 11 12 20 20 16 10 12 12 17 8 11 26 20 14 11 12 15 11 11 12 11
T
Jefferson Arthur Franklin JAF()USA F60(63798) Ephraim Franklin (b c1760 SC 394410) Thomas Jefferson Franklin (b c1780 SC 283149) 13 23 14 11 11 14 12 12 11 13 13 29
20 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 30 14 15 17 18
10 12 19 23 16 15 17 18 37 38 12 12
R1b1
John Frederick Franklin JFF(95759)USA F61(65651) John Franklin (b c1785 VA 80037) William S Franklin (b 1811VA 80056) 13 23 14 10 11 15 12 12 12 13 13 29
18 10 10 11 11 25 14 19 29 15 15 16 18
11 11 19 22 15 14 16 18 37 39 12 12
11 10 15 16 8 10 10 8 10 10 12 22 23 16 10 12 10 16 8 12 22 20 13 12 11 13 11 11 12 12
R1b1
Stanley Arthur Charles Franklin SACF (544919)Canada F68(65751) James Franklin (b 1777, Cholsey, Berkshire, England) James Franklin (b 1777, Cholsey, Berkshire, England) 13 24 14 10 11 15 12 12 12 13 14 29
16 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 28 13 15 17 18
11 11 19 24 16 15 17 18 35 37 12 12
11 9 15 16 8 11 10 8 10 10 12 21 23 16 10 12 12 15 8 13 22 20 12 12 11 13 11 12 13 12
R1b1
Randy Lee Franklin RLF (87369)USA F67(73448) James A. Franklin (b 1828 AL 25883) James A. Franklin (b 1828 AL 25883) 13 23 14 11 11 14 12 12 11 13 13 30
16 9 10 11 11 25 16 20 29 15 15 17 18
11 11 19 23 16 15 19 16 37 37 13 13
11 9 15 16 8 10 10 8 10 10 12 23 23 16 10 12 12 13 8 12 21 21 13 12 11 14 10 11 12 12
R1b1b2
James Randall Franklin JRF (254179)USA F72(N40529) ? ? 13 25 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 14 13 30
R1b1
Stephen Edward Franklin SEF (429201)USA F79(100545) Stephen Franklin (b c1761 VA 52135) Stephen Franklin (b c1761 VA 52135) 13 25 14 10 12 13 12 12 12 13 14 29
18 9 10 11 11 25 15 18 30 15 16 16 17
11 11 19 23 17 15 18 17 38 39 12 12
R1b1
Brendan James Franklin BJF(566308)Aus F87(N65458) ? ? 13 22 14 10 14 14 11 14 13 12 11 28
I1
Lewis Russell Franklin LRF2()USA F85 (128550) ? ? 13 24 14 10 11 15 12 12 11 13 13 29
17 9 10 11 11 24 15 19 29 15 15 17 17
11 11 19 23 15 15 18 17 36 37 15 12
R1b1b2
Randall Franklin RF()USA F84(126312) ? ? 13 23 14 10 14 15 11 14 11 12 12 28
15 8 9 8 11 23 16 20 29 12 14 15 16
10 9 19 21 14 14 17 20 35 38 13 10
Jack Edgar Huff JEH()USA Hu1(102109) William Franklin (b c1624 Eng 103384) Howard L Franklin (b 1910 SD 84999) 13 23 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 14 13 31
17 9 10 11 11 25 16 19 30 15 15 17 18
11 10 19 21 15 13 17 18 38 40 13 12
11 9 15 16 8 11 10 8 10 10 12 22 23 16 10 12 12 17 8 12 23 21 12 12 10 13 11 12 13 12
R1b1
Joseph Edward Franklin JEF3(298500)USA F89(137620) ? James Payne Franklin (b 1801 VA 9589) 12 26 15 11 10 14 12 12 11 14 11 32
16 9 10 11 11 23 14 20 30 12 15 15 16
11 11 19 21 17 16 15 18 36 39 12 11
11 8 15 17 8 12 10 8 11 10 12 22 25 15 11 12 12 13 8 13 23 21 12 12 11 13 11 11 12 12
R1a1
Brian Bruce Franklin BBF2(564999)USA F99(157608) Squire James Franklin (b1802 NY 104231) Squire James Franklin (b1802 NY 104231) 13 23 14 13 11 14 12 12 11 13 13 30
18 9 10 11 11 25 16 19 30 15 15 16 18
12 11 19 23 15 15 18 16 34 36 12 12
(FY10) R1b1b2

Richmond Weed Franklin RWF ()USA		 F112(202384) Matthew Franklin (b c1639 NY 54594) Thomas Franklin (b 1703 NY 46863) 13 23 15 13 11 14 12 12 11 13 13 30
18 9 10 11 11 25 16 19 30 15 15 16 18
12 11 19 23 15 15 18 16 34 36 12 12
Jeffery V. Horton JVH()USA Ho1(112952) Barnabas Horton (bc1600 Eng) Joseph Horton (b1754 CT) 13 23 15 13 11 14 12 12 11 13 13 30
18 9 10 11 11 25 16 19 30 15 15 16 18
12 11 19 23 15 15 18 16 34 37 12 12
Jeremy Tyler Franklin JTF(254181)USA F108(188612) Lewis Franklin (b1758 VA 10481) William Henry Franklin (b1811 VA 25214) 12 25 14 10 11 14 12 13 12 13 13 29
17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 30 15 15 16 17
11 11 19 23 18 15 18 17 35 40 12 12
(FY11) R1b1b2a
Edwin Eugene Franklin EEF(321461)USA F74(40430) Lewis Franklin (b1758 VA 10481) John Lewis Franklin (b1794 VA 33094) 12 25 14 10 11 14 12 13 12 13 13 29
Benjamin Franklin
BF2()USA		 F107(185231) ? ? 13 21 17 10 16 17 11 12 13 12 11 30
18 8 10 11 11 25 14 21 29 13 16 16 18
10 11 19 19 15 14 17 22 35 36 12 11
E1b1a
Donald D. Franklin DDF()USA F110(197251) ? ? 13 23 14 11 12 14 12 12 12 13 13 28
17 9 9 11 11 25 15 19 30 15 15 17 17
11 11 19 19 16 15 17 18 38 38 12 12
R1b1a2
James Franklin JF ()USA F116(B1284) ? ? 14 22 15 10 14 14 11 13 11 13 11 29
16 9 9 11 11 24 16 21 33 12 13 13 14
Different major families have coded background colors. The ones that are not colored are independent families with only one member measured so far.
One should be cautious about putting individuals with only 12 markers measured in a family; it is possible that the last 13 markers could be greatly different.
Note that DWF has 26 markers (DYS464e at the end), instead of the usual 25. According to FTDNA: "Some people have an extra duplication in 464. It's about 2% in European populations, and perhaps 10% in African populations, so we only show it when it occurs."

Note that the first 37 markers results are in. Here are the probability curves for 12, 25 and 37 markers:
Note that WWF, ELF and GWF are indicated by genealogy to have the same ancestor Henry Franklin, Jr.
However, GWF differs by 11/12 relative mutations from them, so the genealogy is incorrect in one of these two lines.
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Another view of the Franklin Y markers.

WWF & ELF differ by one digit in one location, and are known from genealogy to be closely related: WWF is a half-great-uncle of ELF. It is interesting that a mutation in one marker occurred in such a short period of time (four generations). The relationship tree looks like this:
Sarah H DeShane Joel Wingfield Franklin Sarah Frances Chance
Roy Ray Franklin Wesley Willard Franklin
Roy Williamson Franklin
Eugene Leroy Franklin
SAF is not known from genealogy to be related to the WWW & ELF, but his ancestor lived in a Virginia county near where the ancestor of the first two lived. The 12 markers show that the two families are related.
The mutation of WWF relative to ELR and SAR is 14 for location DYS439 compared to 13. DYS439 is one of the most highly variable of the 25 markers measured.
I call this Franklin Family 1 (FF1)

BEF differs by one digit in four locations and by two digits in one location from the WWF result. IBF differs by one digit in six locations from WWF. BEF and IBF differ by one digit in four locations. So these three Franklin families, all with traditions of being related to Benjamin Franklin, statesman, cannot all be correct in the claim. If fact, only one of the three, if any, can be correct.

Participants CMF, JEF, BF, GWF, TCF & LRF have the same 12 markers. Participants IBF and (CMF, BF, JEF, GWF, TCF) differ by only one digit in one location; so they stem from the same ancestor with 50% probability within 14 generations, as shown in the table and graph below. Participants LRF and (CMF, BF, JEF, GWF, TCF) differ by only one digit in one location. The earliest known ancestor of IBF has a grandson Benjamin who could be the earliest known ancestor of CMF. I do not see in the known genealogy data how to connect JEF, IBF, BF, GWF and CMF.
Superficially it appears that PEF and LF differ by two mutations from (CMF, BF, JEF), but DYS389-2 and DYS389-1 are not independent. If both increase by one, the mutation is only 1 instead of 2. However, below for 25 markers we will see that LF is quite different than (CMF, BF, JEF). So I do not put PEF in the same family as (CMF, BF, JEF, IBF).
I call this Franklin Family 2 (FF2).
WGF and JBF have the same 12 markers. TDF differs from them by one mutation.
How are these two related:
  • WGF->John Franklin b 13 Aug 1719 Killingsworth, Middlesex,Ct d 20 Aug 1800 Canaan,Litchfield,Ct (m 1737 Killingsworth) Huldah Arnold with children b 1738-1746
  • JBF->John Franklin b 20 Aug 1716 Westminster,London,England d 20 Aug 1800 Canaan,Litchfield,Ct (m1745 Canaan) Keziah Pierce with children b 1747-1773
Note that the death dates and places are identical. There are some discrepancies, but allowing for a few minor errors, the two marriages could have been sequential or two different Johns could have been confused by genealogists. WGF's John Franklin is fairly well documented back to Jonathan Franklin bc1640 MA, so I think that he is the most likely earliest-known common ancestor of WGF and JBF.
I call this Franklin Family 3 (FF3).
BEF & ARF differ by one digit in one location and ARF & BAF differ by one digit in a different location.
ARF and BAF need to have the extra 13 markers measured to see if these three are really in the same major Franklin family.
Persons with surnames Coterel and Hatcher differ by only one relative mutation from BEF for 25 markers. This leads me to believe that this occurrence of the Franklin surname is a relatively recent one, perhaps stemming from one of these other surnames.
I call this Franklin Family 4 (FF4).
JCF and CJF have the same 12 (and 25) markers. It is known from genealogy that they are 1st cousins 1 generation removed.
I call this Franklin Family 5 (FF5).

PEF and LF have the same 12 markers. However, this is an unusual case where the last 13 markers for these two (see below) greatly differ. So, despite the fact that they have the same first 12 markers, they are not in the same family.

The 12 markers for each of DWF, CKF, BBF and DWmF are very different from all of the others. So we have 9 different Franklin families represented by these participants.

See Classifying Franklin Families According to Y-Chromosome Marker Sets below for a classification scheme for these families.

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Probabilities


(See MRCA.pdf)
Number of matching markers 50% probability that the MRCA was no longer than this number of generations 90% probability that the MRCA was no longer than this number of generations 95% probability that the MRCA was no longer than this number of generations
4 of 4 43 144 187
6 of 6 29 96 125
12 of 12 14.5 48 62

See Y-Chromosome Markers Probabilities for a more detailed discussion.

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It is possible to test for 25 markers instead of only 12: http://www.familytreedna.com/21.html. For some of the Franklins tested 12 markers are not enough to distinguish different families. Here is a comparison of the probabilities for number of generations to the Most Recent Common Ancestor for the 12-markers and 21 markers tests:

No. of Markers 50 % Prob. 90 % Prob. Prob. Peak 1 Marker Diff. Prob. Half Max. 1 Marker Diff.
12 14 48 22 (5,58)
21 8 27 12 (2,32)

(See MRCA.pdf)

See Y-Chromosome Markers Probabilities for a more detailed discussion.

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25 Markers Results

Some of the Franklin participants have ordered the extra 13-markers test as shown in the table above.

Another view of the Franklin Y markers.

WWF & ELF are nearly the same, but we already knew from genealogy that they are closely related (see above). The last 13 markers are identical for WWF, ELF & SAF. SAF has exactly the same 25 markers as does ELF. So we have a family of three.
The DYS429 marker for WWF is 14 compared to 13 for ELR and SAR. DYS439 is one of the most highly variable of the 25 markers measured.
No other surnames have one or two relative mutations with this family for 25 markers. Therefore, I conclude that this surname is a relatively old one. This is corroborated in the phylogram shown below.
This family is in the Y-chromosome haplogroup tree M94->M168->F(M89)->K(M9)->P(M45)->R(M207)->1(M173)->b(P25) or R1b for short. As defined in The Journey of Man, A Genetic Odyssey by Spencer Wells, p. 182:
Y Biallelic SNP Marker Years Before Present Migration Route
M94 ? In Africa
M168 50,000 Africa->Middle East
F(M89) 45,000 Middle East->South West Asia
K(M9) 40,000 South West Asia->North Central Asia
P(M45) 35,000 North Central Asia->North West Asia
R(M207) ? In North West Asia
1(M173) 30,000 North West Asia->Europe
b(P25) ? In Europe
Biallelic SNP markers are single base-pair mutations that occur at
different Y-chromosome locations about once every 7000 years.
SNP=Single Nucleotide Polymorphism
There are 153 known haplogroups.
Haplotypes defined by the 25 STR markers are subgroups under the haplogroups.
E.g., the Rb1 haplogroup contains several Franklin haplotypes. (See tables below.)
I call this Franklin Family 1 (FF1)
Participants CMF, JEF, BF, GWF, & TCF have the same 25 markers. Participants IBF and LRF and (CMF, BF, JEF, GWF, TCF, LRF) differ by only one digit in one location; so they stem from the same ancestor with 50% probability within 14 generations, as shown in the table and graph below. The earliest known ancestor of IBF has a grandson Benjamin who could be the earliest known ancestor of CMF. I do not see in the known genealogy data how to connect JEF, IBF, BF, GWF and CMF.
Persons with surnames Clendenin, Glenn, Bartlett, Buchanan, Beaty and Beatty differ by only one relative mutation from JEF for 25 markers. This leads me to believe that this occurence of the Franklin surname is a relatively recent one, perhaps stemming from one of these other surnames. This is corroborated in the phylogram shown below.
I call this Franklin Family 2 (FF2).
WGF & JBF differ by only one mutation in the value of allele DYS449: 31/32. This is known to be a highly variable marker.
How are these two related:
  • WGF->John Franklin b 13 Aug 1719 Killingsworth, Middlesex,Ct d 20 Aug 1800 Canaan,Litchfield,Ct (m 1737 Killingsworth) Huldah Arnold with children b 1738-1746
  • JBF->John Franklin b 20 Aug 1716 Westminster,London,England d 20 Aug 1800 Canaan,Litchfield,Ct (m1745 Canaan) Keziah Pierce with children b 1747-1773
Note that the death dates and places are identical. There are some discrepancies, but allowing for a few minor errors, the two marriages could have been sequential or two different Johns could have been confused by genealogists. WGF's John Franklin is fairly well documented back to Jonathan Franklin bc1640 MA, so I think that he is the most likely earliest-known common ancestor of WGF and JBF.
No other surnames have one or two relative mutations with this family for 25 markers. Therefore, I conclude that this surname is a relatively old one. This is corroborated in the phylogram shown below.
TDF differs from WGF by 3 mutations and from JBF by 4 mutations. One of those mutations for each is the highly variable DYS449 marker. The other relative mutations are for markers DYS439 and DYS458, both of higher-than-average variability. So, there is a good chance that TDF is in the same family as WGF and JBF. (In my Roper family there is a similar case in which it is obvious from the copious data that the individuals are related; see plot below.) It will require measuring 25 markers for many other members of this family who are distantly related to make this relationship more obvious. If TDF is related to WGF and JBF, they are probably much more distantly related than 6th cousins. Not enough is known about the ancestry of TDF to connect him genealogically with WGF and JBF.
I call this Franklin Family 3 (FF3).
JCF & CJF have the same 25 markers, so are related.
No other surnames have one or two relative mutations with this family for 25 markers. Therefore, I conclude that this surname is a relatively old one. This is corroborated in the phylogram shown below.
I call this Franklin Family 5 (FF5).
CKF & PDF differ by two relative mutations for 25 markers, so are probably related. They also appear to be related to a Wingfield.
No other surnames have one or two relative mutations with this family for 25 markers. Therefore, I conclude that this surname is a relatively old one. This is corroborated in the phylogram shown below.
I call this Franklin Family 6 (FF6).

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Relative Mutations

A way to compare each participant with all other participants is to record the number of mutations by which they differ (relative mutations or genetic distance):

25 markers Relative Mutations WWF ELF SAF WHF2 CSL JJL CAL JEL PAE BEF IBF CMF JEF BF GWF TCF LRF BLF JHF HDF JMF DRF JHF2 OBF RNF BAH ICF ECF CRF JEF2 WDF DBF MEF JCF2 TBB DMF TAF2 JAF3 ARF BAF GCF JMF BLF2 JAF2 DLF ELF2 LF PEF JDF JCF CJF JWF2 WGF JBF TDF DWF2 CCO JKF RF CAF RHF LDF MDF DWF CKF PDF WHF JBF3 JWF3 DWmF WWFi SJF JBF2 CEF2 TAF JAF JFF SACF VLF RLF TRF SEF JEH JOC JPFj KAF LRF2 RF JF BBF2 JVH RWF ASAF JHF3 KJL MP JTF BF2 DDF
1 WWF 0 WWF
2 ELF 1 0 ELF
3 SAF 1 0 0 SAF
4 WHF2 1 0 0 0 WHF2
5 CSL 1 0 0 0 0 CSL
6 JJL 1 0 0 0 0 0 JJL
7 CAL 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 CAL
8 JEL 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 JEL
9 PAE 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 0 PAE
10 BEF 13 12 12 12 12 12 13 12 11 0 BEF
11 IBF 11 10 10 10 10 10 11 10 9 4 0 IBF
12 CMF 12 11 11 11 11 11 12 11 10 3 1 0 CMF
13 JEF 12 11 11 11 11 11 12 11 10 3 1 0 0 JEF
14 BF 12 11 11 11 11 11 12 11 10 3 1 0 0 0 BF
15 GWF 12 11 11 11 11 11 12 11 10 3 1 0 0 0 0 GWF
16 TCF 12 11 11 11 11 11 12 11 10 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 TCF
17 LRF 11 10 10 10 10 10 11 10 9 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 LRF
18 BLF 12 11 11 11 11 11 12 11 10 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 BLF
19 JHF 11 10 10 10 10 10 11 10 9 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 JHF
20 HDF 11 10 10 10 10 10 11 10 9 6 4 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 2 0 HDF
21 JMF 11 10 10 10 10 10 11 10 9 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 3 4 0 JMF
22 DRF 12 11 11 11 11 11 12 11 10 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 3 2 0 DRF
23 JHF2 10 9 9 9 9 9 10 9 8 5 3 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 3 4 2 0 JHF2
24 OBF 12 11 11 11 11 11 12 11 10 5 3 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 3 4 2 2 0 OBF
25 RNF 12 11 11 11 11 11 12 11 10 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 3 2 0 2 2 0 RNF
26 BAH 13 12 12 12 12 12 13 12 11 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 4 3 1 3 3 1 0 BAH
27 ICF 12 11 11 11 11 11 12 11 10 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 3 2 0 2 2 0 1 0 ICF
28 ECF 11 10 10 10 10 10 11 10 9 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 2 3 1 1 1 1 2 1 0 ECF
29 CRF 12 11 11 11 11 11 12 11 10 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 3 2 0 2 2 0 1 0 1 0 CRF
30 JEF2 12 11 11 11 11 11 12 11 10 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 3 2 0 2 2 0 1 0 1 0 0 JEF2
31 WDF 11 10 10 10 10 10 11 10 9 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 2 3 1 1 1 1 2 1 0 1 1 0 WDF
32 DBF 14 13 13 13 13 13 14 13 12 5 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 3 5 4 2 4 4 2 3 2 3 2 2 3 0 DBF
33 MEF 12 11 11 11 11 11 12 11 10 5 3 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 4 2 2 2 2 3 2 1 2 2 1 4 0 MEF
34 JCF2 12 11 11 11 11 11 12 11 10 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 3 2 0 2 2 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 2 2 0 JCF2
35 TBB 13 12 12 12 12 12 13 12 11 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 4 3 1 3 3 1 0 1 2 1 1 2 3 3 1 0 TBB
36 DMF 12 11 11 11 11 11 12 11 10 5 3 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 4 2 2 2 2 3 2 1 2 2 1 4 0 2 3 0 DMF
37 TAF2 13 12 12 12 12 12 13 12 11 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 4 3 1 3 3 1 0 1 2 1 1 2 3 3 1 0 3 0 TAF2
38 JAF3 10 9 9 9 9 9 10 9 8 5 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 3 4 2 2 2 2 3 2 1 2 2 1 4 2 2 3 2 3 0 JAF3
39 ARF 12 11 11 11 11 11 12 11 10 6 8 7 7 7 7 7 6 7 6 7 7 7 5 7 7 8 7 6 7 7 6 9 7 7 8 7 8 7 0 ARF
40 BAF 13 12 12 12 12 12 13 12 11 7 9 8 8 8 8 8 7 8 7 8 8 8 6 8 8 9 8 7 8 8 7 10 8 8 9 8 9 8 1 0 BAF
41 GCF 12 11 11 11 11 11 12 11 10 6 8 7 7 7 7 7 6 7 6 7 7 7 5 7 7 8 7 6 7 7 6 9 7 7 8 7 8 7 0 1 0 GCF
42 JMF2 12 11 11 11 11 11 12 11 10 6 8 7 7 7 7 7 6 7 6 7 7 7 5 7 7 8 7 6 7 7 6 9 7 7 8 7 8 7 0 1 0 0 JMF
43 BLF2 12 11 11 11 11 11 12 11 10 7 9 8 8 8 8 8 7 8 7 7 7 8 6 8 8 9 8 7 8 8 7 10 8 8 9 8 9 8 1 2 1 1 0 BLF2
44 JAF2 13 12 12 12 12 12 13 12 11 6 8 7 7 7 7 7 6 7 6 8 7 7 5 7 7 8 7 6 7 7 6 9 7 7 8 7 8 7 1 2 1 1 2 0 JAF2
45 DLF 12 11 11 11 11 11 12 11 12 5 7 6 6 6 6 6 7 6 7 7 5 6 8 8 6 7 6 7 6 6 7 6 8 6 7 8 7 8 6 7 6 6 6 7 0 DLF
46 ELF2 14 13 13 13 13 13 14 13 12 4 6 5 5 5 5 5 6 5 6 7 4 5 7 7 5 6 5 6 5 5 6 5 7 5 6 7 6 7 6 7 6 6 6 6 4 0 ELF2
47 LF 8 7 7 7 7 7 8 7 6 6 6 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 4 4 5 3 5 5 6 5 4 5 5 4 7 5 5 6 5 6 5 4 5 4 4 4 5 6 7 0 LF
48 PEF 13 12 12 12 12 12 13 12 13 7 7 6 6 6 6 6 7 6 7 8 4 6 8 8 6 7 6 7 6 6 7 4 8 6 7 8 7 8 11 12 11 11 11 11 5 6 8 0 PEF
49 JDF 14 13 13 13 13 13 14 13 12 7 7 6 6 6 6 6 5 6 5 7 6 6 6 4 6 7 6 5 6 6 5 8 6 6 7 6 7 6 9 10 9 9 10 9 10 9 7 10 0 JDF
50 JCF 10 9 9 9 9 9 10 9 8 9 9 8 8 8 8 8 7 8 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 9 8 7 8 8 7 8 8 8 9 8 9 8 10 11 10 10 10 11 8 8 6 9 8 0 JCF
51 CJF 10 9 9 9 9 9 10 9 8 9 9 8 8 8 8 8 7 8 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 9 8 7 8 8 7 8 8 8 9 8 9 8 10 11 10 10 10 11 8 8 6 9 8 0 0 CJF
52 JWF2 13 12 12 12 12 12 13 12 11 8 8 7 7 7 7 7 8 7 8 8 6 7 9 9 7 8 7 8 7 7 8 9 9 7 8 9 8 9 10 11 10 10 10 11 8 8 7 10 11 9 9 0 JWF2
53 WGF 13 12 12 12 12 12 13 12 11 10 10 9 9 9 9 9 8 9 8 8 8 9 7 9 9 10 9 8 9 9 8 11 9 9 10 9 10 9 9 10 9 9 9 10 11 11 6 12 11 11 11 12 0 WGF
54 JBF 12 11 11 11 11 11 12 11 10 11 11 10 10 10 10 10 9 10 9 9 9 10 8 10 10 11 10 9 10 10 9 12 10 10 11 10 11 10 10 11 10 10 10 11 12 12 7 13 12 12 12 13 1 0 JBF
55 TDF 14 13 13 13 13 13 14 13 12 11 9 10 10 10 10 10 9 10 9 9 9 10 10 10 10 11 10 9 10 10 9 10 10 10 11 10 11 8 12 13 12 12 12 13 10 10 9 11 12 10 10 13 3 4 0 TDF
56 DWF2 13 12 12 12 12 12 13 12 11 12 12 11 11 11 11 11 10 11 10 10 10 11 9 9 11 12 11 10 11 11 10 13 11 11 12 11 12 11 11 12 11 11 11 12 13 13 8 14 11 13 13 14 2 1 5 0 DWF2
57 CCO 14 13 13 13 13 13 14 1 12 9 9 8 8 8 8 8 7 8 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 9 8 7 8 8 7 10 8 8 9 8 9 8 10 11 10 10 10 11 10 10 7 11 10 10 10 11 1 2 2 3 0 CCO
58 JKF 13 12 12 12 12 12 13 12 11 12 10 11 11 11 11 11 10 11 10 10 10 11 9 11 11 12 11 10 11 11 10 11 11 11 12 11 12 9 11 12 11 11 11 12 11 11 8 12 13 11 11 14 2 3 1 4 3 0 JKF
59 RF2 13 12 12 12 12 12 13 12 11 12 10 11 11 11 11 11 10 11 10 10 10 11 9 11 11 12 11 10 11 11 10 11 11 11 12 11 12 9 11 12 11 11 11 12 11 11 8 12 13 11 11 14 2 3 1 4 3 0 0 RF
60 CAF 13 12 12 12 12 12 13 12 11 12 10 11 11 11 11 11 10 11 10 10 10 11 9 11 11 12 11 10 11 11 10 11 11 11 12 11 12 9 11 12 11 11 11 12 11 11 8 12 13 11 11 14 2 3 1 4 3 0 0 0 CAF
61 RHF 13 12 12 12 12 12 13 12 11 12 10 11 11 11 11 11 10 11 10 10 10 11 9 11 11 12 11 10 11 11 10 11 11 11 12 11 12 9 11 12 11 11 11 12 11 11 8 12 13 11 11 14 2 3 1 4 3 0 0 0 0 RHF
62 LDF 13 12 12 12 12 12 13 12 11 12 10 11 11 11 11 11 10 11 10 10 10 11 9 11 11 12 11 10 11 11 10 11 11 11 12 11 12 9 11 12 11 11 11 12 11 11 8 12 13 11 11 14 2 3 1 4 3 0 0 0 0 0 LDF
63 MDF 13 12 12 12 12 12 13 12 11 12 10 11 11 11 11 11 10 11 10 10 10 11 9 11 11 12 11 10 11 11 10 11 11 11 12 11 12 9 11 12 11 11 11 12 11 11 8 12 13 11 11 14 2 3 1 4 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 MDF
64 DWF 21 20 20 20 20 20 19 20 21 30 30 29 29 29 29 29 28 29 28 26 28 29 27 29 29 30 29 28 29 29 28 27 27 29 30 27 30 29 27 28 27 27 27 28 25 29 24 26 29 23 23 29 30 29 31 30 31 30 30 30 30 30 30 0 DWF
65 CKF 30 29 29 29 29 29 30 29 30 29 29 28 28 28 28 28 29 28 29 28 29 28 30 30 28 29 28 29 28 28 29 26 28 28 29 28 29 30 29 30 29 29 28 29 25 26 31 25 32 28 28 29 36 37 35 38 35 36 36 36 36 36 36 23 0 CKF
66 PDF 30 29 29 29 29 29 30 29 30 29 29 28 28 28 28 28 29 28 29 28 29 28 30 30 28 29 28 29 28 28 29 26 28 28 29 28 29 30 29 30 29 29 28 29 25 26 31 25 32 28 28 29 36 37 35 38 35 36 36 36 36 36 36 25 2 0 PDF
67 WHF 28 27 27 27 27 27 28 27 28 27 27 26 26 26 26 26 27 26 27 26 27 26 28 28 26 27 26 27 26 26 27 24 26 26 27 26 27 28 27 28 27 27 26 27 23 24 29 23 30 26 26 27 34 35 33 36 33 34 34 34 34 34 34 25 2 2 0 WHF
68 JBF3 29 28 28 28 28 28 29 28 29 28 28 27 27 27 27 27 28 27 28 27 28 27 29 29 27 28 27 28 27 27 28 25 27 27 28 27 28 29 28 29 28 28 27 28 24 25 30 24 31 27 27 28 35 36 34 37 34 35 35 35 35 35 35 24 1 1 1 0 JBF3
69 JWF3 29 28 28 28 28 28 29 28 29 28 28 27 27 27 27 27 28 27 28 27 28 27 29 29 27 28 27 28 27 27 28 25 27 27 28 27 28 29 28 29 28 28 27 28 24 25 30 24 31 27 27 28 35 36 34 37 34 35 35 35 35 35 35 24 1 1 1 0 0 JWF3
70 DWmF 31 30 30 30 30 30 31 30 29 31 31 30 30 30 30 30 31 30 31 29 29 30 32 32 30 31 30 31 30 30 31 30 30 30 31 30 31 32 30 31 30 30 30 31 28 28 30 29 34 27 27 28 33 34 32 35 32 33 33 33 33 33 33 30 26 28 28 27 27 0 DWmF
71 WWFj 31 30 30 30 30 30 31 30 29 31 31 30 30 30 30 30 31 30 31 29 29 30 32 32 30 31 30 31 30 30 31 30 30 30 31 30 31 32 30 31 30 30 30 31 28 28 30 29 34 27 27 28 33 34 32 35 32 33 33 33 33 33 33 30 26 28 28 27 27 0 0 WWFi
72 SJF 32 31 31 31 31 31 32 31 30 28 30 29 29 29 29 29 30 29 30 28 28 29 31 31 29 30 29 30 29 29 30 29 29 29 30 29 30 31 29 30 29 29 29 30 27 25 30 28 33 26 26 28 32 33 31 34 31 32 32 32 32 32 32 33 27 29 29 28 28 5 5 0 SJF
73 JBF2 31 30 30 30 30 30 31 30 31 30 30 29 29 29 29 29 30 29 30 30 29 29 31 29 29 30 29 30 29 29 30 31 29 29 30 29 30 31 29 30 29 29 29 29 29 30 31 29 29 31 31 31 36 37 37 36 35 38 38 38 38 38 38 28 24 24 24 23 23 27 27 30 0 JBF2
74 CEF2 11 10 10 10 10 10 11 10 9 6 4 5 5 5 5 5 6 5 6 6 4 5 7 7 5 6 5 6 5 5 6 7 7 5 6 7 6 5 9 10 9 9 9 10 7 7 6 6 7 7 7 8 10 11 9 12 9 10 10 10 10 10 10 28 28 28 26 27 27 29 29 28 28 0 CEF2
75 TAF 16 15 15 15 15 15 16 15 14 24 20 21 21 21 21 21 20 21 20 20 22 21 19 21 21 22 21 20 21 21 20 21 21 21 22 21 22 19 20 21 20 20 19 21 21 23 19 24 23 20 20 23 24 23 23 24 25 22 22 22 22 22 22 21 29 29 29 28 28 30 30 33 30 22 0 TAF
76 JAF 16 15 15 15 15 15 16 15 14 10 10 9 9 9 9 9 8 9 8 9 8 9 9 7 9 10 9 8 9 9 8 11 9 9 10 9 10 9 8 9 8 8 8 8 10 8 8 12 9 12 12 11 13 14 14 13 12 15 15 15 15 15 15 29 30 30 30 29 29 30 30 31 28 11 23 0 JAF
77 JFF 10 9 9 9 9 9 10 9 10 10 10 9 9 9 9 9 10 9 10 10 8 9 11 9 9 10 9 10 9 9 10 11 11 9 10 11 10 11 13 14 13 13 13 14 9 10 10 10 9 10 10 9 14 15 15 14 13 16 16 16 16 16 16 25 27 27 27 26 26 28 28 29 26 10 21 10 0 JFF
78 SACF 13 12 12 12 12 12 13 12 11 9 9 8 8 8 8 8 9 8 9 10 7 8 10 10 8 9 8 9 8 8 9 8 10 8 9 10 9 10 12 13 12 12 12 12 8 7 9 7 10 9 9 8 14 15 13 16 13 14 14 14 14 14 14 27 26 26 24 25 25 26 26 28 28 8 19 12 9 0 SACF
79 VLF 30 29 29 29 29 29 30 29 30 35 37 36 36 36 36 36 35 36 35 33 35 36 34 36 36 37 36 35 36 36 35 34 34 36 37 34 37 36 32 33 32 32 32 33 31 33 31 33 36 30 30 33 37 38 38 39 38 37 37 37 37 37 37 16 27 27 29 28 28 34 34 34 35 35 32 36 31 32 0 VLF
80 RLF 17 16 16 16 16 16 17 16 15 9 9 8 8 8 8 8 9 8 9 8 7 8 10 10 8 9 8 9 8 8 9 8 8 8 9 8 9 10 11 12 11 11 11 11 9 5 10 9 10 7 7 11 14 15 13 16 13 14 14 14 14 14 14 26 25 25 25 24 24 25 25 24 27 8 24 9 11 10 32 0 RLF
81 TRF 30 29 29 29 29 29 30 29 28 25 27 26 26 26 26 26 27 26 27 28 25 26 28 28 26 27 26 27 26 26 27 24 28 26 27 28 27 28 29 28 29 29 29 29 25 23 28 25 30 24 24 25 32 33 31 34 31 32 32 32 32 32 32 31 32 32 32 31 31 26 26 25 27 28 29 29 24 23 30 24 0 TRF
82 SEF 12 11 11 11 11 11 12 11 10 12 12 11 11 11 11 11 10 11 10 10 10 11 11 9 11 12 11 10 11 11 10 13 11 11 12 11 12 11 12 13 12 12 12 13 12 13 8 14 9 10 10 11 10 11 11 10 9 12 12 12 12 12 12 28 33 33 31 32 32 32 32 32 31 12 21 12 12 11 35 16 32 0 SEF
83 JEH 14 13 13 13 13 13 14 13 12 8 6 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 6 5 5 5 5 6 5 4 5 5 4 7 5 5 6 5 6 5 10 11 10 10 10 10 10 8 7 10 7 6 6 10 11 12 12 13 10 13 13 13 13 13 13 27 28 28 28 27 27 30 30 29 30 7 21 8 10 11 33 5 25 13 0 JEH
84 JOC 11 10 10 10 10 10 11 10 9 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 5 6 3 4 6 6 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 4 6 4 5 6 5 6 9 10 9 9 9 9 5 3 6 5 8 5 5 5 10 11 9 12 9 10 10 10 10 10 10 26 27 27 25 26 26 27 27 26 29 6 20 9 7 4 32 6 22 10 7 0 JOC
85 JPFj 24 23 23 23 23 23 24 23 22 25 25 24 24 24 24 24 23 24 23 22 23 24 24 22 24 25 24 23 24 24 23 24 22 24 25 22 25 24 25 26 25 25 24 25 25 26 23 25 22 22 22 25 28 29 29 28 27 30 30 30 30 30 30 21 25 25 25 24 24 23 23 26 14 24 20 22 21 24 29 23 18 23 22 23 0 JPFj
86 KAF 24 23 23 23 23 23 24 23 22 25 25 24 24 24 24 24 23 24 23 22 23 24 24 22 24 25 24 23 24 24 23 24 22 24 25 22 25 24 25 26 25 25 24 25 25 26 23 25 22 22 22 25 28 29 29 28 27 30 30 30 30 30 30 21 25 25 25 24 24 23 23 26 14 24 20 22 21 24 29 23 18 23 22 23 0 0 KAF
87 LRF2 11 10 10 10 10 10 11 10 9 6 6 5 5 5 5 5 6 5 6 8 5 5 7 7 5 6 5 6 5 5 6 7 7 5 6 7 6 7 8 9 8 8 9 8 9 6 8 9 9 9 9 8 10 11 11 12 9 12 12 12 12 12 12 28 27 27 25 26 26 25 25 26 26 8 22 10 8 7 35 9 25 12 10 5 23 23 0 LRF2
88 RF 28 27 27 27 27 27 28 27 26 28 28 27 27 27 27 27 28 27 28 26 26 27 29 29 27 28 27 28 27 27 28 27 27 27 28 27 28 29 27 28 27 27 27 28 25 25 27 28 31 24 24 25 30 31 29 32 29 30 30 30 30 30 30 27 23 25 25 24 24 5 5 8 28 28 27 27 25 25 33 22 25 29 27 24 22 22 22 0 RF
89 JF 26 25 25 25 25 25 24 25 24 27 29 28 28 28 28 28 27 28 27 26 27 28 26 28 28 29 28 27 28 28 27 28 26 28 29 26 29 28 22 23 22 22 22 22 25 24 25 29 30 24 24 29 28 27 29 28 29 28 28 28 28 28 28 23 26 26 26 25 25 21 21 20 30 30 24 26 29 27 27 23 29 29 26 25 23 23 25 20 0 JF
90 BBF2 16 15 15 15 15 15 16 15 14 12 12 11 11 11 11 11 10 11 10 10 10 11 11 9 11 10 11 10 11 11 10 13 11 11 10 11 10 11 11 12 11 11 11 12 13 10 10 14 9 8 8 13 14 15 15 14 13 16 16 16 16 16 16 29 31 31 31 30 30 30 30 29 30 10 25 8 10 15 35 7 28 14 6 11 23 23 12 27 27 0 BBF2
91 JVH 17 16 16 16 16 16 17 16 15 11 13 12 12 12 12 12 11 12 11 11 11 12 12 10 12 11 12 11 12 12 11 14 12 12 11 12 11 12 10 11 10 10 10 11 12 9 11 15 10 9 9 14 15 16 16 15 14 17 17 17 17 17 17 30 30 30 30 29 29 31 31 28 31 11 26 9 11 16 34 8 27 15 7 12 24 24 13 28 26 1 0 JVH
92 RWF 18 17 17 17 17 17 18 17 16 12 14 13 13 13 13 13 12 13 12 12 12 13 13 11 13 12 13 12 13 13 12 15 13 13 12 13 12 13 11 12 11 11 11 12 13 10 12 16 11 10 10 15 16 17 17 16 15 18 18 18 18 18 18 31 31 31 31 30 30 32 32 29 32 12 27 10 12 17 35 9 28 16 8 13 25 25 14 29 27 2 1 0 RWF
93 ASAF 11 10 10 10 10 10 11 10 9 6 6 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 6 5 5 5 3 5 6 5 4 5 5 4 7 5 5 6 5 6 5 6 7 6 6 7 6 9 6 6 9 5 9 9 10 10 11 11 10 9 12 12 12 12 12 12 28 29 29 27 28 28 29 29 30 26 8 22 6 8 9 35 9 27 10 8 7 21 21 4 26 27 8 9 10 0 ASAF
94 JHF3 11 10 10 10 10 10 11 10 9 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 2 4 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 2 3 3 2 5 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 5 4 4 5 4 7 4 4 7 5 7 7 8 8 9 9 10 7 10 10 10 10 10 10 28 29 29 27 28 28 29 29 28 28 6 22 6 10 9 35 7 27 10 6 5 23 23 4 26 25 8 9 10 2 0 JHF3
95 KJL 12 11 11 11 11 11 12 11 10 7 7 6 6 6 6 6 5 6 5 7 6 6 6 4 6 7 6 5 6 6 5 8 6 6 7 6 7 6 7 8 7 7 8 7 10 7 7 10 6 10 10 11 9 10 10 9 8 11 11 11 11 11 11 29 30 30 28 29 29 30 30 31 27 9 23 7 9 10 36 10 28 9 9 8 22 22 5 27 28 9 10 11 1 3 0 KJL
96 MP 10 9 9 9 9 9 10 9 8 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 5 4 4 4 2 4 5 4 3 4 4 3 6 4 4 5 4 5 4 7 8 7 7 8 7 8 7 5 8 4 8 8 9 9 10 10 9 8 11 11 11 11 11 11 27 30 30 28 29 29 30 30 31 27 7 21 7 7 8 34 10 26 9 7 6 20 20 5 27 28 9 10 11 1 3 2 0 MP
97 JTF 11 10 10 10 10 10 11 10 9 8 8 7 7 7 7 7 6 7 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 8 7 6 7 7 6 9 7 7 8 7 8 7 9 10 9 9 9 10 9 9 6 10 9 7 7 8 8 9 9 10 7 10 10 10 10 10 10 28 30 30 28 29 29 29 29 28 28 8 22 11 10 10 35 12 24 8 9 6 20 20 8 26 26 12 13 14 8 6 7 7 0 JTF
98 BF2 28 27 27 27 27 27 28 27 28 31 31 32 32 32 32 32 33 32 33 31 31 32 34 32 32 33 32 33 32 32 33 34 32 32 33 32 33 32 32 33 32 32 32 33 29 31 31 33 32 30 30 29 37 38 36 37 36 37 37 37 37 37 37 22 27 25 27 26 26 32 32 32 27 29 32 32 25 30 12 30 30 31 31 30 27 27 31 31 29 31 30 31 31 33 32 30 33 0 BF2
99 DDF 12 11 11 11 11 11 12 11 10 7 7 6 6 6 6 6 5 6 5 7 6 6 6 6 6 7 6 5 6 6 5 8 6 6 7 6 7 6 9 10 9 9 10 9 10 9 7 10 8 10 10 9 11 12 12 13 10 13 13 13 13 13 13 27 30 30 30 29 29 28 28 27 27 9 19 9 11 12 34 10 26 11 7 8 20 20 9 25 24 11 12 13 7 5 8 6 9 32 0 DDF
WWF ELF SAF WHF2 CSL JJL CAL JEL PAE BEF IBF CMF JEF BF GWF TCF LRF BLF JHF HDF JMF DRF JHF2 OBF RNF BAH ICF ECF CRF JEF2 WDF DBF MEF JCF2 TBB DMF TAF2 JAF3 ARF BAF GCF JMF BLF2 JAF2 DLF ELF2 LF PEF JDF JCF CJF JWF2 WGF JBF TDF DWF2 CCO JKF RF CAF RHF LDF MDF DWF CKF PDF WHF JBF3 JWF3 DWmF WWFi SJF JBF2 CEF2 TAF JAF JFF SACF VLF RLF TRF SEF JEH JOC JPFj KAF LRF2 RF JF BBF2 JVH RWF ASAF JHF3 KJL MP JTF BF2 DDF

37 markers Relative Mutations WWF ELF SAF WHF2 CSL CAL JEL PAE IBF CMF JEF BF GWF TCF JHF DRF JHF2 OBF RNF ICF LRF BAH ECF JMF CRF JEF2 WDF DBF MEF JCF2 DMF TBB TAF2 JAF3 BEF ARF BAF JMF BLF2 JAF2 JCF JWF2 WGF JBF TDF DWF2 CCO RF CAF RHF LDF MDF WHF JBF3 JWF3 CEF2 TAF JAF JFF SACF ELF2 RLF TRF SJF WWFj SEF JEH JOC KAF LRF2 RF BBF2 JVH RWF ASAF JHF3 KJL MP PEF JTF BF2 DDF
1 WWF 0 WWF
2 ELF 1 0 ELF
3 SAF 2 1 0 SAF
4 WHF2 2 1 2 0 WHF2
5 CSL 1 0 1 1 0 CSL
6 CAL 5 4 5 5 4 0 CAL
7 JEL 1 0 1 1 0 4 0 JEL
8 PAE 2 1 2 2 1 5 1 0 PAE
9 IBF 17 16 17 15 16 18 16 15 0 IBF
10 CMF 18 17 18 16 17 19 17 16 1 0 CMF
11 JEF 19 18 19 17 18 20 18 17 2 1 0 JEF
12 BF 19 18 17 17 18 20 18 17 2 1 2 0 BF
13 GWF 18 17 18 16 17 19 17 16 1 0 1 1 0 GWF
14 TCF 18 17 18 16 17 19 17 16 1 0 1 1 0 0 TCF
15 JHF 17 16 17 15 16 18 16 15 2 1 2 2 1 1 0 JHF
16 DRF 18 17 18 16 17 19 17 16 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 DRF
17 JHF2 15 14 15 13 14 18 14 13 4 3 4 4 3 3 2 3 0 JHF2
18 OBF 19 18 19 17 18 20 18 17 4 3 4 4 3 3 2 3 4 0 OBF
19 RNF 17 16 17 15 16 18 16 15 2 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 4 4 0 RNF
20 ICF 18 17 18 16 17 19 17 16 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 3 3 1 0 ICF
21 LRF 18 17 18 16 17 19 17 16 3 2 3 3 2 2 1 2 3 3 3 2 0 LRF
22 BAH 19 18 19 17 18 20 18 17 2 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 4 4 2 1 3 0 BAH
23 ECF 17 16 17 15 16 18 16 15 2 1 2 2 1 1 0 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 0 ECF
24 JMF 18 17 18 16 17 19 17 16 4 3 4 4 3 3 4 3 6 4 4 3 5 4 4 0 JMF
25 CRF 19 18 19 17 18 20 18 17 2 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 4 4 2 1 3 2 2 4 0 CRF
26 JEF2 18 17 18 16 17 19 17 16 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 3 3 1 0 2 1 1 3 1 0 JEF2
27 WDF 17 16 17 15 16 18 16 15 2 1 2 2 1 1 0 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 0 4 2 1 0 WDF
28 DBF 20 19 20 18 19 21 19 18 3 2 3 3 2 2 3 2 5 5 3 2 4 3 3 5 3 2 3 0 DBF
29 MEF 18 17 18 16 17 19 17 16 3 2 3 3 2 2 1 2 3 3 3 2 2 3 1 5 3 2 1 4 0 MEF
30 JCF2 19 18 19 17 18 20 18 17 2 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 4 4 2 1 3 2 2 4 2 1 2 3 3 0 JCF2
31 DMF 18 17 18 16 17 19 17 16 3 2 3 3 2 2 1 2 3 3 3 2 2 3 1 5 3 2 1 4 0 3 0 DMF
32 TBB 20 19 20 20 19 23 19 18 7 6 5 7 6 6 7 6 7 7 7 6 8 5 7 7 7 6 7 8 8 7 8 0 TBB
33 TAF2 19 18 19 17 18 20 18 17 2 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 4 4 2 1 3 0 2 4 2 1 2 3 3 2 3 5 0 TAF2
34 JAF3 16 15 16 14 15 17 15 14 1 2 3 3 2 2 1 2 3 3 3 2 2 3 1 5 3 2 1 4 2 3 2 8 3 0 JAF3
35 BEF 21 20 21 21 20 24 20 19 10 9 10 10 9 9 10 9 10 10 10 9 11 10 10 8 10 9 10 11 11 10 11 7 10 11 0 BEF
36 ARF 19 18 17 19 18 18 18 17 13 12 11 11 12 12 11 12 11 13 11 12 12 13 11 13 13 12 11 14 12 13 12 14 13 12 15 0 ARF
37 BAF 20 19 18 20 19 19 19 18 16 15 14 14 15 15 14 15 14 14 14 15 15 16 14 14 16 15 14 17 15 16 15 15 16 15 16 3 0 BAF
38 JMF2 18 17 16 18 17 17 17 16 14 13 12 12 13 13 12 13 12 14 12 13 13 14 12 14 14 13 12 15 13 14 13 15 14 13 16 1 2 0 JMF
39 BLF2 18 17 16 18 17 17 17 16 15 14 13 13 14 14 13 14 13 15 13 14 14 15 13 14 15 14 13 16 14 15 14 16 15 14 17 2 3 1 0 BLF2
40 JAF2 19 18 17 19 18 18 18 17 14 13 12 12 13 13 12 13 12 14 12 13 13 14 12 14 14 13 12 15 13 14 13 15 14 13 16 2 3 1 2 0 JAF2
41 JCF 19 18 19 19 18 22 18 17 18 17 18 18 17 17 16 17 16 16 18 17 17 18 16 15 18 17 16 17 17 18 17 15 18 17 14 22 23 23 23 24 0 JCF
42 JWF2 20 19 20 18 19 21 19 18 11 10 11 11 10 10 11 10 13 11 9 10 10 11 11 8 11 10 11 12 12 11 12 14 11 12 15 16 17 17 17 18 19 0 JWF2
43 WGF 16 15 16 16 15 19 15 14 15 14 15 15 14 14 13 14 11 15 13 14 12 15 13 14 15 14 13 16 14 15 14 16 15 14 17 15 18 16 16 17 21 16 0 WGF
44 JBF 17 16 17 15 16 20 16 15 16 15 16 16 15 15 14 15 12 16 14 15 13 16 14 15 16 15 14 17 15 16 15 19 16 15 20 18 21 19 19 20 24 17 3 0 JBF
45 TDF 17 16 17 17 16 20 16 15 14 15 16 16 15 15 14 15 14 16 14 15 13 16 14 15 16 15 14 15 15 16 15 17 16 13 18 18 21 19 19 20 20 17 3 6 0 TDF
46 DWF2 17 16 17 17 16 18 16 15 18 17 18 18 17 17 16 17 14 16 16 17 15 18 16 17 18 17 16 19 17 18 17 19 18 17 20 16 19 17 17 18 24 19 3 4 6 0 DWF2
47 CCO 19 18 19 19 18 20 18 17 14 13 14 14 13 13 12 13 12 14 14 13 11 14 12 13 14 13 12 15 13 14 13 15 14 13 16 16 17 15 15 16 20 17 5 8 6 6 0 CCO
48 RF2 17 16 17 17 16 20 16 15 14 15 16 16 15 15 14 15 12 16 14 15 13 16 14 15 16 15 14 15 15 16 15 17 16 13 18 16 19 17 17 18 20 17 3 6 2 6 6 0 RF
49 CAF 17 16 17 17 16 20 16 15 14 15 16 16 15 15 14 15 12 16 14 15 13 16 14 15 16 15 14 15 15 16 15 17 16 13 18 16 19 17 17 18 20 17 3 6 2 6 6 0 0 CAF
50 RHF 17 16 17 17 16 20 16 15 14 15 16 16 15 15 14 15 12 16 14 15 13 16 14 15 16 15 14 15 15 16 15 17 16 13 18 16 19 17 17 18 20 17 3 6 2 6 6 0 0 0 RHF
51 LDF 16 15 16 16 15 19 15 14 15 16 17 17 16 16 15 16 13 17 15 16 14 17 15 16 17 16 15 16 16 17 16 18 17 14 19 17 20 18 18 19 21 18 2 5 1 5 7 1 1 1 0 LDF
52 MDF 16 15 16 16 15 19 15 14 15 16 17 17 16 16 15 16 13 17 15 16 14 17 15 16 17 16 15 16 16 17 16 18 17 14 19 17 20 18 18 19 21 18 2 5 1 5 7 1 1 1 0 0 MDF
53 WHF 38 37 36 38 37 37 37 38 37 36 37 35 36 36 37 36 39 39 37 36 36 37 37 38 37 36 37 34 36 37 36 40 37 38 41 36 37 35 34 35 41 38 45 48 44 46 40 44 44 44 45 45 0 WHF
54 JBF3 39 38 37 39 38 38 38 39 38 37 38 36 37 37 38 37 40 40 38 37 37 38 38 39 38 37 38 35 37 38 37 41 38 39 42 37 38 36 35 36 42 39 46 49 45 47 41 45 45 45 46 46 1 0 JBF3
55 JWF3 40 39 38 40 39 37 39 40 39 38 39 37 38 38 39 38 41 41 39 38 38 39 39 40 39 38 39 36 38 39 38 42 39 40 43 38 39 37 36 37 43 40 47 50 46 48 42 46 46 46 47 47 2 1 0 JWF3
56 CEF2 18 17 18 18 17 19 17 16 9 10 9 11 10 10 11 10 11 13 11 10 12 11 11 10 11 10 11 12 12 11 12 10 11 10 13 15 18 16 16 17 15 16 16 19 15 19 15 15 15 15 16 16 39 40 39 0 CEF2
57 TAF 38 37 38 38 37 35 37 36 42 43 44 44 43 43 42 43 42 44 44 43 43 44 42 45 42 43 42 43 43 44 43 47 44 41 50 43 44 42 41 43 45 48 49 50 48 48 46 46 46 46 47 47 49 48 47 45 0 TAF
58 JAF 24 23 24 24 23 25 23 22 18 17 18 18 17 17 16 17 16 14 18 17 17 18 16 15 18 17 16 19 17 18 17 15 18 17 16 17 18 18 18 18 17 20 22 25 23 21 19 23 23 23 24 24 42 41 42 20 45 0 JAF
59 JFF 19 18 19 19 18 20 18 19 21 20 21 21 20 20 21 20 21 19 21 20 20 21 21 18 21 20 21 22 22 21 22 18 21 22 19 25 24 24 24 25 18 19 24 27 25 23 19 25 25 25 26 26 38 37 38 20 44 17 0 JFF
60 SACF 17 16 17 17 16 18 16 15 15 14 15 15 14 14 15 14 15 17 13 14 16 15 15 14 15 14 15 14 16 15 16 16 15 16 17 17 20 18 18 18 18 15 19 22 18 20 18 18 18 18 19 19 34 35 36 15 39 18 18 0 SACF
61 ELF2 21 20 21 19 20 24 20 19 11 10 11 11 10 10 11 10 11 11 11 10 12 11 11 8 11 10 11 10 12 11 12 12 11 12 9 16 17 17 17 17 16 14 19 20 18 22 18 18 18 18 19 19 35 36 37 15 48 15 20 14 0 ELF2
62 RLF 26 25 26 24 25 27 25 24 16 15 14 16 15 15 16 15 16 16 14 15 17 16 16 13 16 15 16 15 15 16 15 13 16 17 16 19 20 20 20 20 17 17 22 23 21 25 23 21 21 21 22 22 42 41 40 14 51 18 23 19 13 0 RLF
63 TRF 48 47 48 48 47 47 47 46 43 42 43 43 42 42 43 42 45 43 43 42 42 43 43 40 43 42 43 40 44 43 44 42 43 44 41 46 43 45 45 45 43 40 49 52 48 50 44 48 48 48 49 49 44 43 44 47 51 45 35 41 42 43 0 TRF
64 SJF 41 40 41 41 40 42 40 39 43 42 43 43 42 42 43 42 43 45 41 42 42 43 43 42 43 42 43 42 42 43 42 44 43 44 43 41 42 40 40 41 40 40 42 45 41 43 39 41 41 41 42 42 36 35 36 42 52 42 39 37 37 40 40 0 SJF
65 WWFj 43 42 43 43 42 42 42 41 45 44 45 45 44 44 45 44 47 45 43 44 44 45 45 42 45 44 45 44 44 45 44 46 45 46 47 43 42 42 42 43 44 39 46 49 45 47 43 45 45 45 46 46 34 33 34 46 50 44 37 38 41 42 34 12 0 WWFj
66 SEF 21 20 21 21 20 24 20 19 19 18 19 19 18 18 17 18 17 15 19 18 18 19 17 16 19 18 17 20 18 19 18 16 19 18 13 22 23 23 23 24 14 19 18 21 19 19 17 19 19 19 20 20 46 47 48 18 48 19 20 20 19 24 49 48 49 0 SEF
67 JEH 28 27 28 28 27 25 27 26 20 19 20 20 19 19 18 19 20 18 20 19 17 20 18 19 20 19 18 21 19 20 19 19 20 19 20 25 24 24 24 24 17 23 26 29 27 27 21 27 27 27 28 28 40 39 38 20 43 20 17 25 23 20 39 44 42 24 0 JEH
68 JOC 17 16 17 15 16 20 16 15 11 10 11 11 10 10 11 10 11 11 11 10 12 11 11 8 11 10 11 10 12 11 12 10 11 12 9 20 19 19 19 19 10 12 19 20 18 22 16 18 18 18 19 19 37 38 39 15 44 15 14 12 8 13 38 39 41 15 17 0 JOC
69 KAF 39 38 39 39 38 40 38 37 38 37 36 38 37 37 36 37 38 36 36 37 35 38 36 37 36 37 36 37 35 38 35 39 38 37 42 37 40 38 37 38 40 37 40 43 41 41 41 41 41 41 42 42 40 39 40 38 39 39 39 39 44 39 33 38 38 41 43 42 0 KAF
70 LRF2 17 16 17 17 16 18 16 15 14 13 14 14 13 13 14 13 14 14 12 13 15 14 14 12 14 13 14 15 15 14 15 13 14 15 14 17 16 16 17 16 20 15 17 20 18 20 16 18 18 18 19 19 39 40 39 15 42 20 19 15 15 16 43 39 39 21 24 13 40 0 LRF2
71 RF 43 42 43 43 42 40 42 41 43 42 43 43 42 42 43 42 45 45 43 42 42 43 43 42 43 42 43 42 42 43 42 46 43 44 47 43 44 42 42 43 42 41 46 49 45 47 41 45 45 45 46 46 32 31 30 44 44 42 39 40 41 42 38 14 12 49 40 41 38 39 0 RF
72 BBF2 20 19 20 20 19 23 19 18 20 19 18 20 19 19 18 19 18 18 18 19 19 18 18 19 18 19 18 21 19 18 19 17 18 19 22 18 19 17 17 18 21 22 19 22 20 20 20 22 22 22 21 21 45 44 45 17 49 20 23 23 21 16 48 42 46 25 24 21 36 20 46 0 BBF2
73 JVH 22 21 22 22 21 25 21 20 20 19 18 20 19 19 18 19 18 18 18 19 19 18 18 19 18 19 18 21 19 18 19 17 18 19 20 16 17 15 15 16 21 22 21 24 22 22 20 22 22 22 23 23 43 42 43 17 49 20 23 23 19 16 46 40 46 25 24 21 36 20 46 2 0 JVH
74 RWF 24 23 24 22 23 25 23 22 20 19 18 20 19 19 18 19 20 18 18 19 19 18 18 19 18 19 18 21 19 18 19 21 18 19 24 18 19 17 17 18 25 22 23 24 24 24 24 26 26 26 25 25 45 44 45 21 51 24 27 27 21 18 48 44 48 29 26 23 38 24 48 4 4 0 RWF
75 ASAF 18 17 18 18 17 21 17 16 11 10 11 11 10 10 9 10 9 7 11 10 10 11 9 9 11 10 9 12 10 11 10 8 11 10 9 14 15 15 16 15 13 16 16 19 17 17 15 17 17 17 18 18 40 41 42 14 45 9 16 16 12 15 42 42 44 14 21 12 35 11 42 17 17 21 0 ASAF
76 JHF3 18 17 18 18 17 21 17 16 9 8 9 9 8 8 7 8 7 7 9 8 8 9 7 7 9 8 7 10 8 9 8 6 9 8 7 12 13 13 14 13 11 14 14 17 15 17 13 15 15 15 16 16 40 41 42 12 45 9 18 16 10 13 42 40 44 14 19 10 37 11 42 17 17 21 2 0 JHF3
77 KJL 20 19 20 18 19 23 19 18 13 12 13 13 12 12 11 12 11 9 13 12 12 13 11 11 13 12 11 14 12 13 12 12 13 12 11 18 19 19 20 19 13 18 18 19 19 19 17 19 19 19 20 20 42 43 44 16 49 13 16 18 12 17 46 46 46 12 19 10 41 15 46 21 21 23 6 8 0 KJL
78 MP 18 17 18 16 17 21 17 16 9 8 9 9 8 8 7 8 7 5 9 8 8 9 7 7 9 8 7 10 8 9 8 8 9 8 9 16 17 17 18 17 15 14 16 15 17 17 15 17 17 17 18 18 42 43 44 14 47 13 16 16 12 15 42 46 46 14 21 10 37 13 46 19 19 21 4 6 6 0 MP
79 PEF 17 16 17 17 16 20 16 17 13 12 13 13 12 12 13 12 13 15 11 12 14 13 13 11 11 12 13 10 14 13 14 14 13 14 15 18 21 19 19 19 18 17 17 20 16 20 18 16 16 16 17 17 35 36 37 13 44 20 21 11 13 18 45 39 43 23 26 13 36 17 45 20 20 24 16 14 18 16 0 PEF
80 JTF 19 18 19 19 18 22 18 17 14 13 14 14 13 13 12 13 12 14 14 13 13 14 12 13 14 13 12 15 13 14 13 15 14 13 14 18 21 19 19 20 16 17 15 18 16 18 14 16 16 16 17 17 42 43 44 13 48 21 21 18 16 23 44 43 47 13 23 16 37 18 45 22 22 26 15 13 15 15 18 0 JTF
81 BF2 40 39 40 40 39 41 39 40 49 50 51 51 50 50 51 50 51 51 49 50 50 51 51 50 51 50 51 52 50 51 50 52 51 50 51 49 50 48 48 49 49 46 50 53 49 49 49 51 51 51 50 50 39 38 39 48 58 48 40 44 48 51 48 39 44 52 49 48 46 49 42 47 47 49 48 50 52 50 49 53 0 BF2
82 DDF 23 22 23 23 22 24 22 21 18 17 18 18 17 17 16 17 16 16 18 17 15 18 16 16 18 17 16 19 17 18 17 15 18 17 14 21 22 22 23 22 18 19 21 24 22 22 18 22 22 22 23 23 41 40 41 21 46 16 19 21 19 22 39 41 41 19 16 15 40 22 41 26 26 30 15 13 15 15 21 22 45 0 DDF
WWF ELF SAF WHF2 CSL CAL JEL PAE IBF CMF JEF BF GWF TCF JHF DRF JHF2 OBF RNF ICF LRF BAH ECF JMF CRF JEF2 WDF DBF MEF JCF2 DMF TBB TAF2 JAF3 BEF ARF BAF JMF BLF2 JAF2 JCF JWF2 WGF JBF TDF DWF2 CCO RF2 CAF RHF LDF MDF WHF JBF3 JWF3 CEF2 TAF JAF JFF SACF ELF2 RLF TRF SJF WWFj SEF JEH JOC KAF LRF2 RF BBF2 JVH RWF ASAF JHF3 KJL MP PEF JTF BF2 DDF

67 Markers Relative Mutations JEF ICF CMF ECF GWF DRF JEF2 WDF DBF BAH OBF JCF2 TAF2 TBB TAF JFF SACF JHF3 WWF CSL JEL JBF3 ELF2 JOC RLF JEH SJF JEF3 CAF MDF CCO TRF PEF WFFj JAF2
1 JEF 0 JEF
2 ICF 1 0 ICF
3 CMF 3 2 0 CMF
4 ECF 2 1 3 0 ECF
5 GWF 1 0 2 1 0 GWF
6 DRF 4 3 1 4 3 0 DRF
7 JEF2 1 0 2 1 0 3 0 JEF2
8 WDF 2 1 3 0 1 4 1 0 WDF
9 DBF 3 2 4 3 2 5 2 3 0 DBF
10 BAH 2 1 3 2 1 4 1 2 3 0 BAH
11 OBF 4 3 5 2 3 6 3 2 5 4 0 OBF
12 JCF2 2 1 3 2 1 4 1 2 3 2 4 0 JCF2
13 TAF2 3 2 4 3 2 5 2 3 4 1 5 3 0 TAF2
14 TBB 13 14 16 15 14 15 14 15 16 13 15 15 12 0 TBB
15 TAF 69 68 66 67 68 67 68 67 68 69 69 69 68 76 0 TAF
16 JFF 27 26 28 27 26 27 26 27 28 27 25 27 26 24 73 0 JFF
17 SACF 26 25 23 26 25 22 25 26 25 26 28 26 25 27 67 25 0 SACF
18 JHF3 14 13 13 12 13 14 13 12 15 14 12 14 15 15 73 25 26 0 JHF3
19 WWF 23 22 24 21 22 25 22 21 24 23 23 23 22 28 63 25 26 25 0 WWF
20 CSL 22 21 23 20 21 24 21 20 23 22 22 22 21 27 62 24 25 24 1 0 CSL
21 JEL 22 21 23 20 21 24 21 20 23 22 22 22 21 27 62 24 25 24 1 0 0 JEL
22 JBF3 65 64 64 65 64 63 64 65 62 65 67 65 64 66 76 60 55 67 62 61 61 0 JBF3
23 ELF2 19 18 18 19 18 17 18 19 18 19 19 19 18 20 77 24 21 17 29 28 28 57 0 ELF2
24 JOC 16 15 17 16 15 16 15 16 15 16 16 16 15 15 72 15 18 16 22 21 21 62 13 0 JOC
25 RLF 24 25 27 26 25 26 25 26 25 26 26 26 25 23 82 29 32 24 36 35 35 68 19 20 0 RLF
26 JEH 32 31 31 30 31 32 31 30 33 32 30 32 31 33 70 27 32 30 36 35 35 62 35 26 34 0 JEH
27 SJF 63 62 62 63 62 63 62 63 62 63 65 63 62 64 81 59 54 59 57 56 56 54 55 58 64 60 0 SJF
28 JEF3 50 49 49 48 49 48 49 48 49 50 48 50 49 51 90 46 49 48 50 49 49 57 40 49 49 47 57 0 JEF3
29 CAF 24 23 25 22 23 24 23 22 23 24 24 24 23 21 75 29 27 24 25 24 24 70 26 21 29 37 61 48 0 CAF
30 MDF 25 24 26 23 24 25 24 23 24 25 25 25 24 22 76 30 28 25 24 23 23 71 27 22 30 38 62 49 1 0 MDF
31 CCO 21 20 22 19 20 21 20 19 22 21 21 21 20 20 74 22 26 21 26 25 25 65 25 18 30 30 58 45 7 8 0 CCO
32 TRF 64 63 61 64 63 62 63 64 61 64 64 64 63 65 73 58 57 64 65 64 64 63 61 60 64 54 57 60 69 70 64 0 TRF
33 PEF 16 15 17 16 15 16 15 16 13 16 18 16 17 23 68 28 23 22 24 23 23 62 22 19 27 41 62 51 25 26 26 67 0 PEF
34 WFFj 65 64 66 65 64 67 64 65 64 65 65 65 64 68 79 59 61 67 63 62 62 56 63 62 68 64 18 61 67 68 64 57 66 0 WFFj
35 JAF2 14 15 17 14 15 18 15 14 17 16 16 16 15 21 68 29 27 18 21 20 20 61 23 22 28 34 59 48 24 25 21 64 24 63 0 JAF2
JEF ICF CMF ECF GWF DRF JEF2 WDF DBF BAH OBF JCF2 TAF2 TBB TAF JFF SACF JHF3 WWF CSL JEL JBF3 ELF2 JOC RLF JEH SJF JEF3 CAF MDF CCO TRF PEF WFFj JAF2

Classifying Franklin Families According to Y-Chromosome Marker Sets

I adopt a classification scheme for the different Franklin families as determined by the Y-chromosome tests. In order of time at which the Y markers were determined, the classification is:

Family Class Abbreviation Participants Comments
FranklinY1 FY1 WWF, ELF, SAF, WWF2, WHF2, RAF, CSL, JJL, CAL, JEL, PAE WWF is a half-great uncle of ELF. WWF2 is a 4th cousin of ELF. The relationships for SAF & CSL with each other and with the others are unknown. RAF was born and lives in Bedford Co. Virginia and all of his known ancestors were born in Virginia; this confirms the Virginia "origin" of the FY1 family. R1b1b2 haplogroup
FranklinY2 FY2 IBF, CMF, JEF, BF, GWF, TCF, LRF, BLF, JHF, HDF, RMF, JMF, DRF, JHF2, RNF, BAH, ECF, CRF, JEF2, WDF, DBF, MEF, JCF2, DMF R1b1b2 haplogroup
FranklinY3 FY3 JBF, WGF, TDF, CCO, DWF2, JKF, CAF, RF, RHF, LDF, MDF Charles Clay Oliver, Jr. is more distantly related to the other 3 than any of them are to each other.
R1b1b2 haplogroup
FranklinY4 FY4 JCF, CJF 1st cousins 1 generation removed.
R1b1b2 haplogroup
FranklinY5 FY5 CKF, PDF, WHF, JBF3, JWF3 I2b haplogroup
FranklinY6 FY6 ARF, BAF,GCF, JMF, BLF2 R1b1b2 haplogroup
FranklinY7 FY7 ASAF, JHF3, KJL, MP R1b1b2 haplogroup
FranklinY8 FY8 DWmF, WFFj I1 haplogroup
FranklinY9 FY9 JPFj, KAF, GTF J2 haplogroup
FranklinY10 FY10 BBF2, JVH R1b1b2 haplogroup
FranklinY11 FY11 EEF, JTF R1b1b2 haplogroup

Only families with at least 25 markers and only families with two or more testees are classified.

Probabilities calculated with the FTDNATiP tool:

Time-Ordered Phylograms

Another way to visualize the relationships among the testees is by time-ordered (rooted tree) phylograms calculated from relative-mutations matrices. To create time-ordered phylograms, I use the PHYLIP/Neighbor software using the relative-mutations matrix to generate a tree file (*.tre) to be plotted by the TreeView software. (For a description of how I do it, see PHYLIPTreeViewUse.htm.)

Here is a phylogram for some of the Franklins who have had 25 markers measured:
This is not a family tree in the usual sense. Only the ones with very short horizontal lines on the right are closely related.

ICF & CRF are the same as CMF and several others. ECF is the same as LRF & JHF.
Here is a phylogram for the members of the FY1 family who have had 25 markers measured:
Here is a phylogram for the Franklins who have had 37 markers measured:
Here is a phylogram for the members of the FY1 family who had 37 markers measured:
Here is a phylogram for the Franklins who have had 67 markers measured:
Note the scale in the lower left corner for 1 mutation back to the most recent common ancestor. Vertical distances indicate connections.
From the SNP Y-chromosome notation in http://ycc.biosci.arizona.edu/nomenclature_system/fig1.html for Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP), I estimate the nine SNP mutations back to the most recent common ancestor in Africa to be about 6000 years per SNP mutation, using 50,000 years as the time Homo sapiens sapiens left Africa. There are seven mutations back to the F haplogroup's most recent common ancestor (MRCA) for the Roper/Raper testees, or about 39,000 years. Since there are 7 SNP mutations and 14 STR mutations back to the F haplogroup MCRA, at first thought it would appear that the STR mutations per chromosome over long times happen about twice as fast as the SNP mutations. Thus, for long times into the past, each STR mutation is about 2800 years. The time back to the R1b MRCA is about 7 STR mutations times 2800, or 19,600 years, in the last glacial maximum. (Bryan Sykes, on p. 143 in his book, Adam's Curse, a Future Without Men, states that one should not use raw STR mutation rates to try to relate males who are in different SNP haplogroups. This is because, for males so distantly related, some of the markers could have mutated both positive and negative.)

Some insight can be gained by looking at the time-ordered phylogram of some of the Franklin 25-marker results along with many other Paleolithic families for which I have collected 25 markers:

Note that the (JBF, WWF) family near the top and the (WWF, ELF, SAF) family at the bottom, although genetically quite distant from each other (branching about 3000 ybp), have no other families genetically separating them. Perhaps they are two branches of an ancient common Franklin family that dates back 3000 years. The (WWF, ELF, SAF) family is the older of the two branches. Surnames are generally regarded as coming into being about 1000 ybp.; however, the root of the surname Franklin is 'Frank', a word which means "free", one of the oldest words in the Celtic language. Perhaps such an identifier went back as far as 3000 ybp.
Also, note that the BEF and (IBF, JEF, BF) families, in the middle, are much more closely related (branching less than 1000 ybp) to each other than the case mentioned above, but have other families [Hatcher with BEF; Craycraft, Lovett with (IBF,JEF,BF)] intermingled with them. Perhaps they are part of an older Franklin family, with a few surname breaks.
From this information I conclude that the possible (JBF, WGF) and (WWF, ELF, SAF) ancient Franklin family is the best candidate for the family of Benjamin Franklin, statesman.

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Families Shown to be Related

Here are some Franklin families, for which no documents show relationships, that have been shown to be related by Y-chromosome tests:
Henry Franklin, Jr. (b c1749VA 7442)
Lawrence Franklin (b 1680VA 7487)
Here are some Franklin families, for which no documents show relationships, that have been shown to be related by Y-chromosome tests:
Robert Lewis Franklin (b c1715VA 75485)
Benjamin Franklin (bc1767SC 231903)
John Franklin (b c1787NC 34203)
Owen Franklin (b c1760SC 13451)
Thomas Franklin (b 1680 437001)
Here are some Franklin families, for which no documents show relationships, that have been shown to be related by Y-chromosome tests:
William Franklin (b c1750MD? 298700)
Job Franklin (b 1789VA 73593)

Family Connections for Some of the Participants

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Comparison of Markers within Franklin Families

Comparison with Other Families

In the comparison of the 25 markers with many other families it is shown that my Franklin family (WWF & ELF) is most closely related to the Bell, Blakeslee and Ellis families (9 relative mutations for each family for 25 markers). The Franklin family of IBF is most closely related to Craycraft and Lovett (3 relative mutations for each family for 25 markers).

Click here to join the Franklin Y-chromosome project.
(Only males with surname Franklin)

Roper Genetics Project
Little/Klein/Cline/Kline Genetics Project
L. David & Jeanne Roper BioGeographical Ancestry (BGA) Testing (DNAPrint)
mtDNA haplogroup of L. David Roper and all Female Descendants of His Maternal Line

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