| Roper male-lines Y-chromosome project |
| Click here to join the Roper Y-chromosome
project. (Only males with Surname Roper, Rooper, Rupierre or Musard) Also, send data showing your Roper ancestry to roperld@vt.edu |
| Franklin male-lines Y-chromosome project |
| Benjamin Franklin's DNA |
| Click here to join the Franklin Y-chromosome
project. (Only males with surname Franklin) Also, send data showing your Franklin ancestry to roperld@vt.edu |
| Little/Klein/Cline/Kline male-lines Y-chromosome project |
| Click here to join the Little/Klein/Cline/Kline Y-chromosome
project. (Only males with surnames Little, Klein, Cline or Kline) Also, send data showing your Little/Klein/Cline/Kline ancestry to roperld@vt.edu |
| Comparison with other families. |
Information about Y-chromosome markers:
http://www.ucl.ac.uk/tcga/ScienceSpectra-pages/SciSpect-14-98.html
One further point: The markers occur in "junk" portions of the Y-chromosome;
that is, portions that have no effect on inheritance. (It is estimated that 97%
of DNA is "junk", which possibly had an effect on inheritance in the far
distant past, but no more. Think of it as files in your computer that are of no
more use to you, but you have forgotten about them and have never bothered to
delete them.) The mutations that occur on "junk" DNA get propagated down
generations because there is no selection for or against them.
A diagram of the location of the markers on the
Y-chromosome.
Information about
the Y-chromosome haplogroups.
Y-Chromosome Markers Probabilities
X-chromosome role in male homosexuality: Studies indicate that the Xq28 region of the x-chromosome "contributes development of the important psychological trait of male sexual orientation."
Black line is recombined x-chromosome transfer by mother to son and none by father. Gold is full transfer of y-chromosome by father to son. A daughter gets a recombined x-chromosome from mother and a full chromosome from father.
- In the first generation the son has a 50% chance of having the Xq28 male homosexual gene, but the daughter more or less a 25% chance of having it.
- The 2nd-generation son can pass it on to his daughter with a more or less a 12.5% chance, but not to his son.
- The 2nd-generation daughter can pass it on to her son with a more or less 12.5% chance and to her daughter with a more or less 6.25% chance.
- So, the most probable transfer is mother->son->granddaughter->great-grandson->etc. I.e., a female->male repetition.
Here is a diagram of x-chromosome propagation:
and all Female Descendants of His Maternal Line
Genetics/Genealogy Books:
Trace
Your Roots with DNA: Using Genetic Tests to Explore Your Family Tree
by Megan Smolenyak Smolenyak and Ann Turner
Forensic Genealogy by
Colleen Fitzpatrick
DNA &
Genealogy by Colleen Fitzpatrick and Andrew Yeiser
Who Do You Think You
Are?: The Essential Guide to Tracing Your Family History, BBC Books
Order UK
(England & Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland) birth, marriage or death
certificates.